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Integumentary System
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SAP2. Students will analyze the interdependence of the integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems as these relate to the protection, support and movement of the human body.
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a. Relate the structure of the integumentary system to its functional role in protecting the body and maintaining homeostasis. EQ: What role does the integumentary system play in protecting the body and maintaining homeostasis?
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Cutaneous Membranes Cutaneous – (skin); only epithelial membrane that is dry
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Integumentary System Most roles are protective
Helps maintain homeostasis Insulates body Keeps water and molecules in body Protects organs from bumps, cuts, etc.
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Make-up of epidermis Epidermis has no blood supply (avascular)
Most cells are keratinocytes Produce keratin (tough fibers which make skin tough but pliable)
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Stratum Basale Basement membrane of epidermis Vascularized
Constantly undergoing mitosis By the time cells reach the surface, they are dead.
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Melanin Cells in stratum basale take in melanocytes (cells produce pigment) Melanin = body’s natural sunscreen
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Dermis Layer directly beneath the epidermis Highly Vascularized
Connective tissue
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Make-up of Dermis Mostly collagen and elastic fibers
Fibers bind with water and keep skin hydrated Fibers decrease with age, and skin sags
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Deep to the Dermis Subcutaneous layer Also called hypodermis
Adipose tissue Absorbs impact from bumps, protects organs; insulation
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Skin Cancer Melanin serves to protect cellular DNA from ultraviolet light When damage is done to DNA, cancer can occur Basal Cell carcinoma (least malignant) Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma – darkened blotches Cancer of the melanocyte
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Papillary Layer Upper dermal region
Protrusions into epidermis called dermal papillae Nourishes epidermis
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Also in Papillary Layer
Meissner’s corpuscles – sensory receptors (touch) Pain receptors Papillary pattern is genetic, and forms fingerprint
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Reticular Layer Deep to papillary layer
Contains blood vessels, sweat glands and oil glands. Phagocytes prevent bacterial intrusion
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Sweat Glands Controlled by nervous system Two types 1) Eccrine
2)Appocrine
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Sebaceous Glands Oil Glands Ducts usually empty into a hair follicle
Secretes sebum Sebum keeps skin moist and pliable Also produces acidic compounds that kill bacteria
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Problems with oil glands
Clogged oil gland becomes whitehead As whitehead oxidizes, it becomes darker (blackhead) Acne – infection of oil gland Seborrhea- “cradle cap”
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