1. Chapter 6: Prejudice and Discrimination

2. Defining Terminology u Prejudice- negative attitude toward members of some social group u Sexism- prejudice based on gender u Racism- prejudice based on race u Discrimination- negative behaviors directed toward members of some social group

3. Agenda u Sources of Prejudice u Discrimination u Reducing Prejudice

4. Sources of Prejudice u Social Sources u Unequal Status u Social Identity u Cognitive Sources u Stereotypes u Perceived Similarities and Differences u Illusory Correlation

5. Social Sources of Prejudice u Unequal Status u realistic conflict theory - direct competition between groups over valued resources (jobs, schools) u Robber’s Cave Experiment u Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

6. Racial Violence and Economic Conditions Back

7. Social Sources of Prejudice u Social Identity u social categorization- divide world into in- group (“us”) and out-group (“them”) u in-group bias- view own group more favorably u ultimate attribution error- “group” serving bias

8. In-Group Bias Back

9. Discrimination Discrimination- negative behaviors directed toward members of some social group u subtle forms u tokenism- perform trivial actions for minorities u reverse discrimination- leaning over backwards to treat targets of prejudice favorably u “modern” racism u denial that discrimination is a problem u antagonism to demands of minorities u resentment over special favors for minorities 6.6Baron & Byrne- Social Psychology 9/e, Allyn and Bacon

10. Cognitive Sources of Prejudice “prejudice is by-product of our thinking processes” stereotypes- sweeping generalizations of social groups u influence social thought by: u process information consistent with stereotype quicker u focus on information consistent with stereotype u use tacit inferences to make inconsistent information appear consistent

11. Cognitive Sources of Prejudice u out-group homogeneity u out-group members seen as more alike u in-group differentiation u in-group members seen as more diverse (heterogeneous) u illusory correlations u overestimating rates of negative behavior in minority groups

12. Reducing Prejudice u Social Learning u teach parents to socialize children to be tolerant u Increase intergroup contact u contact must involve cooperation and interdependence u norms favoring group equality must exist u focus on individual-based (vs. category) processing u Extended Contact Hypothesis u knowing that members of in-group have formed friendships with out-group members may reduce prejudice 6.10Baron & Byrne- Social Psychology 9/e, Allyn and Bacon

13. Reducing Prejudice (con’t) u Have groups work on superordinate goals u Focus on similarities between in-group and nonthreatening out-group u Recategorization u reset boundaries between “us” and “them”, so former out-group is now included in in-group u Focus on others’ specific traits and outcomes (attribute-driven processing) rather than on group stereotypes (category-driven processing) 6.11Baron & Byrne- Social Psychology 9/e, Allyn and Bacon