1. Introduction to Women’s Health Care

2. What in the world is a women’s health exam? Why would anyone have one? Do I need one?

5. Women’s Health Care Pregnancy and Birth

9. Why do I need an exam? When do I need one? Who will do my exam? What will happen?

10. Screening for breast and cervical cancer Common gynecologic problems Family planning STD testing and treatment

11. Lifetime risk is 12.8% This is one out of every eight women! Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women (skin cancer 1 st ) Lung cancer is leading cause of cancer death in women, breast cancer is second

12. Non-ModifiableModifiable Being female Aging Family history Genetic Risks Personal history Certain types of breast cancer Menstrual history Race Reproductive history Oral contraceptives Hormone replacement AlcoholWeight *Injury to the breast is NOT a risk factor

14. Early diagnosis is the key to surviving breast cancer Nearly 97% of women who are diagnosed with breast cancer at an early stage survive for more than 5 years Breast cancer occurs when there is erratic cell growth and proliferation in the breast tissue

16. Malignant(cancer)Non-malignant (not cancer) Invades, compresses and destroys normal tissue 80% of breast lumps Cells may break away to form new tumors Do not invade or spread Life-threatening Not life-threatening

17. Fluid-filled sacs within the breast May become enlarged and tender just before your period Not cancer, but any new lump should be checked out by a health care provider Treatment: possibly decreasing caffeine

19. Screening Mammogram Yearly for women over 40 Clinical Breast Exam Performed by a doctor, nurse practitioner or nurse-midwife Yearly for women >40 Every 3 years for women 20-39 Breast Self Exam (BSE) Monthly

20. X-ray of the breast to detect breast cancer Can detect a lump before it can be felt Studies demonstrate that mammograms reduce the risk of dying from breast cancer

24. You feel a lump There is a change in your skin Dimpling Retraction Looks like an orange peel Red, warm, swollen Your breasts hurt, and it’s not related to your cycles Nipple discharge when you are not pregnant or breastfeeding There is anything that concerns you

25. Potential complications Infection, can be severe Nerve damage* Blood-filled cyst Scarring, including keloid formation Can contract hepatitis B or C, or HIV (rare) Allergic reaction to the metal Damage to the nipple if pulled Need to remove to breastfeed, may leak breast milk through piercing hole

26. Abnormal cells on the cervix that multiply out of control

27. Human Papillomavirus Common virus: more than 100 subtypes 30 of these sub-types are sexually transmitted High-risk strains cause cervical cancer, cancer of the tonsils and throat** Low-risk types cause genital warts

28. Most common sexually transmitted infection 11,000 new cases each year 3,600 women die each year (that’s 10 per day in the U.S.) Worldwide, the 2 nd most common type of female cancer

30. Overall 5-year survival rate for women diagnosed with cervical cancer, regardless of stage - 73% Screening done with PAP test Cells collected from cervix Looked at under microscope

31. Abnormal Pap test results are quite common They are usually only slightly abnormal If followed up and treated early, you can prevent the abnormality from turning into cervical cancer

32. Starting at age 21 Every year until age 30 After age 30, if you have had only normal results, you may have them every 2 to 3 years (after talking with your health care provider about your level of risk)

33. PAP testing is not a one-time test New changes (abnormalities) can occur after you get tested, even if you have not had new partners It could take many years for changes to develop or to be noticed Your risk changes if you have new partners, or if your partner has other partners *

34. Age 21 When sexually active (or considering it) Women’s health problem

35. Abnormal vaginal bleeding Periods more often than every 3 weeks Periods less often than every 6 weeks Bleeding between periods Periods that last longer than a week Very heavy periods (soaking a pad per hour) Painful Periods Cramps that interfere with your lifestyle Headaches that occur with menstruation PMS

36. Breast lump or pain Vaginal itching, burning, or odor Painful urination, or blood in your urine Testing for STDs Family planning (birth control) Pregnancy care

38. Women’s health provider Physician or physician’s assistant Nurse practitioner Nurse-midwife Male or Female Physicians and Midwives also deliver babies

39. First things first Weight Blood pressure

40. Know the first day of your last menstrual period Medical history (asthma, diabetes, etc.) Surgical history (tonsils, etc.) Menstrual history Sexual history Problems you want to address

41. General exam Breast exam

43. External exam Examine external anatomy Internal exam: 2 parts 1. Speculum Exam Examine vaginal walls and cervix PAP test and testing for STD’s can be done 2. Bimanual Exam Feel uterus and ovaries

44. Speculum Collection devices and liquid medium

46. Cells are collected from the surface of your cervix by a health care provider