1. Chapter 3
Computer Software

2. Chapter Contents Section A: Software Basics
Section B: Popular Applications
Section C: Buying Software
Section D: Installing Software and Upgrades
Section E: Security Software
Chapter 3: Computer Software

3. Software Basics Software Categories Application Software
Utility Software
Device Drivers
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4. Software Categories
Figure 3-1
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5. Application Software
Productivity software can be defined as any type of application software that has the potential to help people do their work more efficiently
Groupware is designed to help several people collaborate on a single project using local networks or Internet connections
Figure 3-2
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6. Utility Software
Utility software (a type of system software) is designed to help you monitor and configure settings for your computer system equipment, the operating system, or application software
A desktop widget is a specialized utility program that appears on a computer’s screen-based desktop
Figures 3-3 and 3-5
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7. Device Drivers
A device driver is software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with a computer
Windows Device Manager
Figure 3-6
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8. Popular Applications Document Production Software Spreadsheet Software
“Number Crunching” Software
Database Software
Graphics Software
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9. Popular Applications Music Software
Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software
Educational and Reference Software
Entertainment Software
Business Software
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10. Question
Just about everyone has used iTunes software to download music. iTunes software also allows you to list the songs you’ve downloaded, delete songs, find songs, and organize your music into play lists. These features of iTunes are similar to what type of software?
A. Word processing software
B. Spreadsheet software
C. Database software
D. Groupware
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11. Document Production Software
Assists you with composing, editing, designing, printing, and electronically publishing documents
Word processing
Desktop publishing
Web authoring
Figure 3-7
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12. Document Production Software
Figure 3-8
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13. Document Production Software
Document production software may include:
Spelling checker
Spelling dictionary
Thesaurus
Grammar checker
Feature to analyze the reading level
Readability formula
Search and Replace feature
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14. Document Production Software
The format for a document refers to the way that all elements are arranged on the page
Figure 3-9
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15. Document Production Software
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16. Document Production Software
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17. Document Production Software
Mail merge automatically creates personalized letters by combining the information in a mailing list with a form letter
Additional capabilities of word processing software include:
Automatically generating table of contents and index
Numbering and positioning footnotes
Providing document templates and document wizards
Exporting to HTML format
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18. Spreadsheet Software
A spreadsheet uses rows and columns of numbers to create a model or representation of a real solution
Spreadsheet software, such as Microsoft Excel, iWork Numbers, or OpenOffice Calc, provides tools for creating electronic spreadsheets
Chapter 3: Computer Software

19. Spreadsheet Software
When a cell contains a formula, it displays the result of the formula rather than the formula itself. To view and edit the formula, you use the
Formula bar.
Figure 3-13
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20. Spreadsheet Software
A formula tells the computer how to use the contents of cells in calculations
Cell references
Relative reference
Absolute reference
Mathematical operators
Functions
Automatic recalculations
Figure 3-14
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21. Spreadsheet Software
As shown in the examples, relative references within a formula can change when you change
the sequence of a worksheet’s rows and columns. An absolute reference is anchored so that it always refers to a specific cell.
Figure 3-15
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22. “Number Crunching” Software
Provides a structured environment dedicated to a particular number crunching task
Statistical software
Mathematical modeling software
Money management software
Personal finance software
Tax preparation software
Figure 3-16
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23. Database Software A database is a collection of data
Database software helps you enter, find, organize, update, and report information stored in a database
Figure 3-17
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24. Database Software
Database software provides tools for specifying fields for a series of records.
Figure 3-19
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25. Database Software
A query language such as SQL (Structured Query Language) provides a set of commands for locating and manipulating data
Natural language query
Query by example
Figure 3-20
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26. Graphics Software
Designed to help you create, manipulate, and print graphics
Paint software
Photo editing software
Drawing software
3-D graphics software
CAD software
Presentation software
Figure 3-21 and 3-22
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27. Graphics Software
A computer-based presentation consists of a series of slides, created with presentation software.
Figure 3-23
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28. Music Software
Allows you to make your own digital voice and music recordings
Audio editing software
CD ripper software
Audio encoding software
Ear training software
Notation software
Computer-aided music software
MIDI sequencing software
Figure 3-24
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29. Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software
Provides a set of tools for
Transferring video footage from a camcorder to a computer
Clipping out unwanted footage
Assembling video segments
Adding special visual effects
Adding a sound track
DVD authoring software creates DVDs with Hollywood-style menus
Figure 3-25
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30. Educational and Reference Software
Educational software
Helps you learn and practice new skills
Reference software
Provides a collection of information and a way to access that information
Generally shipped on CD or DVD, or accessed on the Web
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31. Entertainment Software
Computer games are the most popular type of entertainment software
Role-playing
Action
Adventure
Puzzle
Simulation
Sports
Strategy
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32. Business Software
Vertical market software is designed to automate specialized tasks in a specific market or business
Horizontal market software is generic software that just about any type of business can use
Payroll software
Accounting software
Project management software
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33. Buying Software Consumer Basics Software Copyrights and Licenses
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34. Question
Suppose you purchase a new computer and it comes with Microsoft Office installed. After using this software for 30 days, it displays a message indicating that to keep using it, you will have to pay. This software is an example of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Proprietary software
B. Open source software
C. Commercial software
D. Demo-ware
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35. Consumer Basics
Most operating systems include a handful of small applications and a good variety of useful utility software
Figure 3-27
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36. Consumer Basics
A software suite is a collection of application software sold as a single package
Figure 3-28
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37. Consumer Basics Available in many types of stores
Software contained on distribution media
Make sure your computer meets the system requirements
Figure 3-29
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38. Software Copyrights and Licenses
A copyright is a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original “work” exclusive rights
Copyright notice
Software licenses, also called license agreements, define the ways in which you may use a computer program
Single-user
Site
Multiple-user
Concurrent
Shrink-wrap
Figure 3-31
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39. Software Copyrights and Licenses
EULA (End-User License Agreement)
Different types of software licenses
Public domain
Proprietary
Commercial software
Demo-ware
Shareware
Freeware
Open source
BSD
GPL
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40. FastPoll True/False Questions Answer A for True and B for False
Word processing software and operating systems are examples of application software.
Spreadsheets are classified as utility software.
The software you install to help a printer communicate with a computer is called a device driver.
Desktop publishing software is based on frames.
Spreadsheet software is particularly useful for what-if analyses.
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41. FastPoll True/False Questions Answer A for True and B for False
Database software stores information in HTML codes.
CAD software is a good choice for professional-quality photo editing.
Payroll software is a good example of vertical market business software.
If the main screen of a software product does not contain a copyright notice, it is legal to make copies and share them with your friends.
A EULA is a license agreement that specifies how to legally use a software product.
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42. FastPoll True/False Questions Answer A for True and B for False
Open source software is public domain.
The Windows Registry is a database that keeps track of a computer’s peripheral devices, software, preferences, and settings.
Downloaded software is usually zipped to decrease download time.
Hash codes are used to generate a unique number as part of the software activation process.
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43. Installing Software and Upgrades
Installation Basics
Installing Local Applications
Installing Portable Software and Web Apps
Software Updates
Uninstalling Software
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44. Installation Basics
Software installation is a process that places a program into a computer so that it can be run or executed
Figure 3-34
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45. Installing Local Applications
Figure 3-37
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46. Installing Local Applications
Figure 3-38
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47. Installing Portable Software and Web Apps
Portable software is designed to run from removable storage, such as a CD or USB flash drive
Installation is simply a matter of getting program files to the media on which they are supposed to run
A Web application, or Web App, is software that is accessed with a Web browser
May require client-side program to be installed
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48. Software Updates Software publishers regularly update their software
Add new features
Fix bugs
Update security
Software patches replace part of the software you currently have installed
Service packs correct problems and address security vulnerabilities
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49. Software Updates
Updates are usually available online for registered software
Always install patches and service packs when they become available
Many software publishers require users to type in a validation code to complete an update
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50. Uninstalling Software
Uninstall routines delete the software’s files from the various folders on your computer’s hard disk
Figure 3-42
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51. Question
Suppose that you’re looking for software to convert a YouTube video into a format you can use with Windows Media Player or iMovie. You don’t want to bother downloading or installing any software on your computer. What should you look for?
A. A Web app
B. Open source software
C. A .zip file
D. A portable app
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52. Security Software Security Software Basics Security Suites
Antivirus Modules
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53. Security Software Basics
Security software is designed to protect computers from various forms of destructive software and unauthorized intrusions
The terms malicious software and malware refer to any computer program designed to surreptitiously enter a computer, gain unauthorized access to data, or disrupt normal processing operations
A blended threat describes malware that combines more than one type of malicious program
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54. Security Software Basics
Computer virus
Computer worm - A worm is a program very similar to a virus; it has the ability to self- replicate and can lead to negative effects on your system.
Trojan horse - Another unsavory breed of malicious code are Trojans or Trojan horses, which unlike viruses do not reproduce by infecting other files, nor do they self-replicate like worms. In fact, it is program which disguises itself as a useful program or application.
Keylogger
Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
Bot - A malicious bot is self-propagating malware designed to infect a host and connect back to a central server or servers that act as a command and control (C&C) center for an entire network of compromised devices, or "botnet." With a botnet, attackers can launch broad-based, "remote-control," flood-type attacks against their target(s).
Zombie
Botnet
Spyware - is a type of malware (malicious software) installed on computers that collects information about users without their knowledge.
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55. 9 Types of Viruses Common to Computers
1. Boot Sector Virus – affects the first sector on a partitioned storage device.
2. Browser Hijacker – hijacks certain browser functions, usually in the form of re-directing
the user automatically to particular sites.
3. Direct Action Virus - only comes into action when the file containing the virus is executed.
4. File Infector Virus - takes root in a host file and then begins its operation when the file is executed.
5. Macro Virus -A wide variety of programs, including productivity applications like Microsoft Excel,
provide support for Macros – special actions programmed into the document using a specific macro
programming language. Unfortunately, this makes it possible for a virus to be hidden inside a seemingly
benign document.
6. Multipartite Virus -A virus of this type may spread in multiple ways, and it may take different actions
on an infected computer depending on variables, such as the operating system installed or the existence
of certain files.
7. Polymorphic Virus - actually mutates over time or after every execution, changing the code used to
deliver its payload.
Antivirus programs often find viruses by the specific code used. Obscuring or changing the code of a
virus can help it avoid detection.
8. Resident Virus - inserts itself into a system’s memory. It then may take any number of actions and
run independently of the file that was originally infected.
9. Web Scripting Virus - Displaying online video in your browser, requires the execution of a
specific code language that provides both the video itself and the player interface. This code can
sometimes be exploited, making it possible for a virus to infect a computer or take actions on a computer
through a website; many such cases of virus exist because of code inserted into a site without the
webmaster’s knowledge.
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56. Security Software Basics
What does malware do?
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57. Security Software Basics
The term rootkit refers to software tools used to conceal malware and backdoors that have been installed on a victim’s computer
A virus hoax usually arrives as an message containing dire warnings about a supposedly new virus on the loose
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58. Security Suites
A security suite integrates several security modules to protect against the most common types of malware, unauthorized access, and spam
A security suite costs less than purchasing standalone security modules
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59. Security Suites
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60. Antivirus Modules
Antivirus software is a type of utility software that looks for and eradicates viruses, Trojan horses, worms, and bots
A virus signature is a section of program code, such as a unique series of instructions, that can be used to identify a known malicious program, much as a fingerprint is used to identify an individual
Virus signatures and other information that antivirus software uses to identify and eradicate malware is stored in one or more files usually referred to as virus definitions
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61. Antivirus Modules
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62. Antivirus Modules
Most experts recommend that you configure your antivirus software to periodically scan all the files on your computer
If, during the scanning process, your virus protection software identifies a virus, worm, Trojan horse, or bot in a file or attachment, it can try to remove the infection, put the file into quarantine, or simply delete the file
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