2. Nutrition & Digestion

3. Vocabulary Absorption – to take into Absorption – to take into Calorie – measurement for the amount of energy in food Calorie – measurement for the amount of energy in food Chemical Digestion – Breakdown food into new substances Chemical Digestion – Breakdown food into new substances Enzyme – substance produced by the body to aid chemical digestion Enzyme – substance produced by the body to aid chemical digestion

4. Vocabulary Hormone – substance produced and secreted by the body to control certain functions Hormone – substance produced and secreted by the body to control certain functions Mechanical Digestion – breakdown food into smaller pieces Mechanical Digestion – breakdown food into smaller pieces Peristalsis – wavelike muscle contractions to push food through the digestive system Peristalsis – wavelike muscle contractions to push food through the digestive system Metabolism – all chemical reactions in the body Metabolism – all chemical reactions in the body

5. Nutrition: __________ needed for energy to carry out life functions __________ needed for energy to carry out life functions Energy in food is measured in ____________ Energy in food is measured in ____________ Food Calories

6. Nutrients: NutrientUseSources Primary source of energy Sugars:Starches: Fats__________energy __________ the body Cushion and support organs Proteins Build and ________ Fish, Lean meat Eggs Vitamins Regulates _________the functioning of the body Vit. C Vit. D Carbohydrates Cakes Rice Stored Insulate Fried food, nuts Repair Maintains immune Bones Starch  Sugar  Glucose Proteins  Amino Acids Fats  Fatty Acids & Glycerol

7. Nutrients: NutrientUseSources Minerals Maintain body functions Calcium Iron IronSodium Needed for chemical reactions to occur Bones Red blood Cells Muscles Water Water, Juice Roughage (Fiber) Provides bulk to help push solid waste out Raw Fruit Raw Vegetables Bran Dissolves nutrients so they can be transported throughout the body

8. Food Labels:

9. What is the size of one serving? ______________ What is the size of one serving? ______________ How many calories are in one serving? _______ How many calories are in one serving? _______ How many grams of fat are in one serving? ______ How many grams of fat are in one serving? ______ How much fiber is in one serving? ________ How much fiber is in one serving? ________ How many servings are in the container? _______ How many servings are in the container? _______ How many calories would you consume if you ate the whole container? _________ How many calories would you consume if you ate the whole container? _________ 1 cup or 228 grams 260 12 grams 0 grams 2 520

10. Metabolism: The chemical reactions occurring in the body The chemical reactions occurring in the body Can be effected by hormones, ________, __________, and aging Can be effected by hormones, ________, __________, and aging GenderDiet

11. Balanced Diet: Minimum daily intake of all nutrients Minimum daily intake of all nutrients Effected by species, size, _______, ________, and activity Effected by species, size, _______, ________, and activity If you consume more calories than you use, you will _______ weight If you consume more calories than you use, you will _______ weight If you consume less calories than you use, you will _______ weight If you consume less calories than you use, you will _______ weight Scurvy: a disease due to a ________ intake of vitamin C Scurvy: a disease due to a ________ intake of vitamin C Diet affects the fetus during pregnancy Diet affects the fetus during pregnancy Gender Age Gain Lose Limited

12. The new food pyramid includes daily exercise and the old pyramid doesn’t The new food pyramid includes daily exercise and the old pyramid doesn’t  Both pyramids show the amounts of each food group need daily group need daily

13. Digestive System: _______________ food into useable substances (____________) _______________ food into useable substances (____________) Two types: Two types: 1. Mechanical: breakdown food into __________ _________ 1. Mechanical: breakdown food into __________ _________ 2. Chemical: breakdown food into simpler substances by using _____________ 2. Chemical: breakdown food into simpler substances by using _____________ Absorption: nutrients are taken into the ____________system to be transported throughout the body Absorption: nutrients are taken into the ____________system to be transported throughout the body Breakdown Nutrients SmallerPieces Enzymes Circulatory

14. Organs that food passes through: OrganFunction MouthTeeth: Salivary Glands: No digestion takes place here Peristalsis: Stomach Proteins broken down to simpler proteins Ulcer Most digestion occurs here Villi Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion starch-> sugar Esophagus Muscular contraction Irritation of the lining of the stomach Secretes a thick wall of mucus Small Intestine Increases surface area; nutrients to be absorbed in to the circulatory system proteins-> amino acids; sugars-> glucose; fats-> fatty acids & glycerol

15. Organs that food passes through: OrganFunction Large Intestine Absorbs excess ________ to form solid waste Stores solid waste Anus Water Rectum Releases waste

16. Organs that food does not pass through: OrganFunction Liver Produces bile to breakdown _________ Store bile Produces pancreatic juice to help with end digestion in the _________ _____________ Also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar level Appendix Fats Gall bladder Pancreas SmallIntestine No function Appendicitis---inflamed, needs to be removed

17. Teeth- Mechanical Digestion – smaller pieces Chemical Digestion Starch  Sugar No Digestion Mechanical and Chemical Digestion Solid  Liquid and Protein  Simple proteins Produces enzymes for chemical digestion Chemical Digestion Sugar  Glucose Protein  Amino Acid Fats  Fatty Acid and Glycerol Stores Solid Waste Eliminates Solid Waste Produces Bile Stores Bile Absorbs excess water to make solid Waste No Function

18. Review - Magnetism Strength is strongest at the poles (end) Strength is strongest at the poles (end) Opposite poles attract, move towards each other (North and South) Opposite poles attract, move towards each other (North and South) Like poles repel, push away from each other (North and North or South and South) Like poles repel, push away from each other (North and North or South and South) The closer the magnets, the greater the attraction or repulsion The closer the magnets, the greater the attraction or repulsion The farther away the magnets, the weaker the attraction or repulsion The farther away the magnets, the weaker the attraction or repulsion