1. 3-1 BUSI 240 Introduction to Information Systems Tuesday & Thursday 8:05am – 9:30am Wyant Lecture Hall Please initial the roster on the back table.

2. 3-2 Current Events – What’s going on? Schwartz On Security: Slouching Toward Smartphone, Apple Armageddon Every new year brings fresh warnings that the next smartphone botnet or Apple "I Love You" virus is imminent, while real attacks keep escalating. Smartphones and Apple OS X computers currently draw little attention from attackers. Could all that be about to change, as the pace of patches and improvements in software design make Windows a less juicy target? We've been hearing this refrain for at least a couple of years, and I'm still not convinced. http://www.informationweek.com/news/security/vulnerabilities/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=229100291

3. 3-3 Holocaust historical data goes digital The world's largest collection of Holocaust documents is going digital. Israel's Holocaust memorial, Yad Vashem, is teaming up with Google to make its photographs and documents interactive and searchable on the Internet. The project launched Wednesday with a collection of 130,000 photos that can now be searched directly from Google, using standard keywords and other data that make it far easier than in the past to find the desired information. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110126/ap_on_hi_te/ml_israel_holocaust_google Current Events – What’s going on?

4. 3-4 Its wireless sensors help users run some programs with their thoughts What if you could simply think about an action, and the computer would respond? http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_32/b4095000909813.htm Current Events – What’s going on? Emotiv's New Mind-Control Headset for PCs

5. Automated Theft Machines One April evening in 2009, a Gray Nissan truck idled in a parking lot across from a Wachovia Bank in a Fort Lauderdale, Fla., suburb. A man wearing sunglasses and a baseball cap hopped out and walked over to the bank's ATM — but not to withdraw cash, at least not right away. With practiced ease, he quickly glued a magnetic-card reader onto the front of the machine, on top of the ATM's card-reading slot, and swapped out the light panel above it with one containing a tiny video camera http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2041113,00.html#ixzz1CZfZKpEX http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2041113,00.html#ixzz1CZfZKpEX 3-5 Current Events – What’s going on?

6. Still patchy American firms are hiring again, but hold the cheers WITH the dawn of 2011 America’s recovery is officially longer- lived than the recession that preceded it. It is a recovery that seems to be strengthening, raising hopes that employers will at last develop an appetite for hiring. America remains over 7m jobs short of the previous employment peak, and figures published on January 7th showed that the economy added just 103,000 jobs in December—scarcely enough to keep up with population growth. The unemployment rate fell in that month by nearly half a point, to 9.4%, but that was mainly because so many jobless workers gave up and stopped looking. http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displaystory.cfm?subjectid=348876&story_id=17906059 3-6 Current Events – What’s going on?

7. 3-7 Current Events – What’s going on?

8. 3-8 Quiz #1

9. Computer Hardware History of computers Types of computer systems Hardware components and functions Computer peripherals Chapter 3b3b McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. 4-10 Current Events – What’s going on? IBM unveils world's fastest supercomputer Sequoia, built for the US department of energy, is almost 20 times more powerful than the previous record holder http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/feb/03/fastest-supercomputer-ibm-sequoia

11. IBM Sequoia 4-11

12. 3-12 Microcomputer Systems Personal Computer (PC) – microcomputer for use by an individual Desktop – fit on an office desk Laptop – small, portable PC

13. 3-13 Recommended features for PC

14. 3-14 Microcomputer Systems Workstation – a powerful, networked PC for business professionals Network Server – more powerful microcomputers that coordinate telecommunications and resource sharing in small networks

15. 3-15 How corporate buyers choose PCs Solid performance at a reasonable price Operating system ready Connectivity – reliable network interface or wireless capability

16. 3-16 Terminals Devices that allow access to a network Dumb terminals – keyboard and video monitor with limited processing Intelligent terminals – modified networked PCs or network computers Network terminals or computers Windows terminals depend on network servers for software, processing and storage Internet terminals depend to the Internet or Intranet for operating systems and software

17. 3-17 Information Appliances Hand-held microcomputer devices Personal digital assistants (PDA) BlackBerry Video-game consoles Internet enabled cellular phones

18. 3-18 Midrange systems High-end network servers Minicomputers for scientific research and industrial process monitoring Less costly to buy, operate and maintain than mainframe

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26. 3-26 Mainframe Computer Systems Large, fast powerful computer systems Large primary storage capacity High transaction processing Complex computations Can be used as superservers for large companies

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28. 3-28 Supercomputer Systems Extremely powerful systems Scientific, engineering and business applications at extremely high speeds Global weather forecasting, military defense Parallel processing with thousands of microprocessors Billions of operations per second Millions of dollars Minisupercomputers costing hundreds of thousands of dollars

29. 3-29 Cray 2 Supercomputer

30. IBM Supercomputer 3-30

31. 3-31 Computer hardware functions Input Keyboards, mice, optical scanners Convert data into electronic form Processing Central Processing Unit (CPU) Arithmetic-logic unit performs the arithmetic functions Control unit Output Video display units, printers, etc. Convert electronic information into human-intelligible form

32. 3-32 Computer hardware functions Storage Primary Storage Unit or memory Secondary Storage Magnetic disks and Optical disks Control Control unit of the CPU Controls the other components of the computer

33. 3-33 Computer Processing Speeds Millisecond – thousandth of a second Microsecond – millionth of a second Nanosecond – billionth of a second Picosecond – trillionth of a second

34. 3-34 Computer Processing Speeds MIPS – million instructions per second Teraflops – trillions of floating point operations per second (Supercomputer) Clock speed of the computer: Megahertz (MHz) – millions of cycles per second Gigahertz (GHz) – billions of cycles per second

35. 3-35 Moore’s Law

36. 3-36 Peripherals Peripheral is generic name for all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of the computer system but are not part of the CPU Online devices Separate from CPU But electronically connected to and controlled by CPU Offline devices Separate from and not under control of the CPU Peripherals are online devices

37. 3-37 Peripheral Checklist

38. 3-38 Input technologies Keyboard: most widely-used Graphical user interface (GUI) Icons, menus, windows, buttons, bars Used for selection

39. 3-39 Pointing Devices Electronic Mouse Trackball – Stationary device like a mouse Roller ball used to move cursor on screen. Pointing Stick – Small eraser head-like device in keypad Moves cursor in direction of pressure placed on stick.

40. 3-40 Pointing Devices Touchpad – Small rectangular touch-sensitive surface Moves the cursor in the direction of finger moves on the pad Touch Screen – use computer by touching screen Video display screen that emits a grid of infrared beams, sound waves, or a slight electric current Grid is broken when the screen is touched.

41. 3-41 Pen-based Computing Used in Tablet PCs and PDAs Pressure-sensitive layer like touch screen under liquid crystal display screen Have software that digitizes handwriting, hand printing, and hand drawing

42. 3-42 Speech Recognition Systems Discrete: pause between each word Continuous: conversationally-paced speech System compares your speech patterns to library of sound patterns Training: to recognize your voice patterns Speaker independent system: understand voice never heard before Used in voice-messaging computers

43. 3-43 Optical Scanning Read text or graphics and convert them into digital input Desktop or flatbed scanners Optical Character Recognition (OCR): Read characters and codes Used to read merchandise tags, sort mail, score tests Optical scanning wands Read bar codes such as the Universal Product Code (UPC)

44. 3-44 Other Input Technologies Magnetic stripe Read magnetic stripe on credit cards Smart cards Microprocessor chip and memory on credit card Used more often in Europe than in US Digital cameras Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Identification numbers of bank and account printed in magnetic ink on bottom of check

45. 3-45 Output Technologies Video displays Cathode ray tube (CRT) like a television Most desktop PC screens Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) Laptop and PDAs, some PCs Printed Output Inkjet printer Spray ink on page Laser printer Electrostatic process like photocopying machine Voice response systems

46. 3-46 Storage tradeoffs

47. 3-47 Computer Storage Fundamentals Binary representation Data are processed and stored in computer system through the presence or absence of signals Either ON or OFF ON = number 1 OFF = number 0

48. 3-48 Bit and Byte Bit (short for binary digit) Smallest element of data Either zero or one Byte Group of eight bits which operate as a single unit Represents one character or number

49. 3-49 Representing characters in bytes

50. 3-50 Computers use binary system to calculate

51. 3-51 Measuring storage capacities Kilobyte (KB): one thousand bytes Megabyte (MB): one million bytes Gigabyte (GB): one billion bytes Terabyte (TB): one trillion bytes Petabyte (PB): one quadrillion bytes

52. 3-52 Direct and Sequential Access Direct Access or Random Access Directly store and retrieve data Each storage position has unique address and can be accessed in same length of time Semiconductor memory chips, magnetic disks Sequential Access Data is stored and retrieved in a sequential process Must be accessed in sequence by searching through prior data Magnetic tape

53. 3-53 Direct and sequential access

54. 3-54 Semiconductor memory Microelectronic semiconductor memory chips Used for primary storage Advantage: Small size Fast Shock and temperature resistance Disadvantage: Volatility: must have uninterrupted electric power or lose memory

55. 3-55 Silicon wafer Each of the rectangles on this earlier silicon wafer is a four-megabit RAM chip. The wafer is the structural unit that all chips are fabricated on. The chips are cut out and placed into their individual housings.

56. 3-56 Two types of semiconductor memory RAM: random access memory Most widely used primary storage medium Volatile memory Read/write memory ROM: read only memory Permanent storage Can be read but cannot be overwritten Frequently used programs burnt into chips during manufacturing Called firmware

57. 3-57 Magnetic Disks Used for secondary storage Fast access and high storage capacity Source: Quantum. Source: Corbis.

58. 3-58 Construction and Operation of the Hard Disk Hard Disk

59. 3-59 A platter from a 5.25" hard disk, with 20 concentric tracks drawn over the surface. Each track is divided into 16 imaginary sectors. The Difference Between Tracks and Cylinders

60. 3-60 Types of magnetic disks Floppy disks Magnetic disk inside a plastic jacket Hard disk drives Magnetic disk, access arms, and read/write heads in sealed module RAID (Redundant arrays of independent disks) Disk arrays of interconnected hard disk drives Fault tolerant with multiple copies on several disks

61. 3-61 Flash drive New type of permanent storage Uses semiconductor memory Small chip with thousands of transistors Easily transported Also called jump drives, USB flash drives Source: Courtesy of Lexar Media.

62. 3-62 Open casing of 2.5” traditional hard disk drive (left) and solid-state drive (center). Solid State Drive

63. 3-63 Current Events – What’s going on? IBM unveils world's fastest supercomputer Sequoia, built for the US department of energy, is almost 20 times more powerful than the previous record holder http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/feb/03/fastest-supercomputer-ibm-sequoia

64. 3-64 Video http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Desktops-and- Notebooks/Solid-State-Drives-Better-for-Users/ http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Desktops-and- Notebooks/Solid-State-Drives-Better-for-Users/

65. 3-65 Pros and Cons of SSD Disadvantages Price Capacity Vulnerability to abrupt power loss Limited write cycles Higher Power Consumption (overall) Advantages Faster startup (read) Faster access to data/applications (read) Constant performance (read) No Noise Higher mechanical reliability Larger range of operating temperatures Lower weight and size

66. 3-66 Magnetic Tape Secondary storage Tape reels and cartridges Used in robotic automated drive assemblies Archival storage and backup storage

67. 3-67 Tape Library System

68. 3-68 Optical Disks

69. 3-69 Uses of optical disks Image processing Long term storage of historical files of images Scan documents and store on optical disks Publishing medium for fast access to reference materials Catalogs, directories, etc. Interactive multimedia applications Video games, educational videos, etc.