1. Quick Quiz (In back of book)
What is the enzyme that breaks down fats called?
What does protease enzyme break proteins down into?
What are the 2 roles of bile?
What is the optimum pH for enzymes in the stomach to work at?
What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
Enzymes in Industry
Learning Objectives:
How do biological detergents work?
How are enzymes used in industry?

3. What are enzymes used for in industry?
Biological washing powders
Making soft centered chocolates
Pre-digesting baby food so babies can eat it more easily
Making diet foods

4. How do you make a soft gooey center?
The chocolate is poured over a solid mixture which contains sucrase
Sucrase (enzyme) breaks down the sucrose into glucose and fructose

5. Baby foods:
Proteases are used to pre-digest some of the protein in the food.
Now the babies digestive system can cope with it better and they can get the amino acids they need from food

6. It is also used for the process of making fuel from plants
Carbohydrates are used to convert starch into glucose syrup.
Starch is very cheap as it is made by plants like Corn. Therefore using enzymes to convert plant starch into sweet sugar is a cheap source of sweetness
It is also used for the process of making fuel from plants

7. Choices
Glucose syrup is then converted into fructose syrup by Isomerase's enzyme
Glucose and fructose contain exactly the same amount of energy but fructose is much sweeter therefore much smaller amounts of it are needed to make food taste sweet so is a good diet choice.
Isomerase used in diet industry

8. Washing powders-Biological detergents
In the past, people boiled and scrubbed clothes to get them clean
Now…use biological detergents
Contain proteases and lipases
Break down grime, sweat etc
Work at quite low temperatures
What would happen if the enzymes were boiled?
Why are they more environmentally friendly?

9. How do washing powders work?

12. Immobilising Enzymes Enzymes are expensive.
To save money they can be immobilized.
This means that they can be filtered from the product and used again.

13. Advantages and disadvantages of using enzymes
High temperatures and pressures often needed for chemical reactions. Enzymes lower this as speed up reactions at quite low temperatures and pressures
Enzymes are sensitive to surroundings. If you change the pH or temp, they may not work. It costs money to control conditions

14. Make a poster explaining the uses of enzymes in industry
Include:
Baby food
Washing powders-biological detergents
Making sugar syrup
Making diet foods
Making chocolates with soft fillings

16. Complete the worksheet
Catalyze or speed up reactions
Allow reactions to occur at the same rate at lower temperatures
Less energy is used to run the industrial plant
Less warm waste materials

17. Sweet production Pre-digest baby food Fruit juice Tenderizing meat
Prevents the enzymes being denatured by the higher temperatures
Cannot wash at high temperatures, HIGH COST

18. Expensive
Re-use
soluble
liquids
immobilized
Non-reactive