1. Carbohydrates

2. Carbohydrates
An organic compound that is the body’s main source of energy
Sources:

3. Function of Carbohydrates
Primary source of energy for body (short-term)
Sugar is absorbed in the small intestine
Glucose is used in various tissues and organs
Excess sugar is stored as Glycogen in the liver or in Adipose tissue as fat
Complex vs. Simple Carbohydrates Video

4. Simple “Bad”Carbohydrates
Disaccharide
Monosaccharide
Sucrose = Table Sugar
Glucose + Fructose
Lactose = Milk Sugar
Glucose + Galactose
Very small molecules
Exist in Pure Form
Sugars –
Glucose – the building block of sugars
Fructose – fruit
Galactose – Milk products
Is Sugar Toxic Video?

5. Complex “Good” Carbohydrates
Polymer - A large molecule formed when small molecules of the same kind chain together
Polysaccharides – Made of chemically linked mono-saccharides – from ten to several thousand
Examples:
Starch – stored in seeds and roots
Fiber – give plants their structure

6. Carbohydrates

7. Structure of Starch Amylose Amylopectin Linear molecules
Multiple branches

8. Structure of Fiber Soluble Fiber (Dietary) Insoluble Fiber Cellulose
Forms a gel
Slows digestion
Insoluble Fiber
Add bulk
Laxative effect
Do not dissolve
Cellulose
Glucose polymer
Strengthen the plant’s cell walls and woody parts
Fiber Video

9. How many carbs per day?
Based on a 2,000 Calorie Diet: RDA: 250 g Carbohydrates g Fiber The average American only consumes 15 g of fiber per day.

10. RDA
Carbohydrates = 4 calories/gram How many calories from carbohydrates in one slice of this bread?

11. Low-Carb Diets Ketosis Increase in Cholesterol
A dangerous metabolic state
Body burns its own fat for fuel
Results in kidney stones and organ failure
Increase in Cholesterol
Increase risk of Osteoporosis
Excreting Calcium in urine
Increase risk of Cancer
Depriving body of essential nutrients

12. Sources http://www.leicestershirediabetes.org.uk/542.html