1. ICOS improved sensors, network and interoperability for GMES The project is funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme. ICOS-INWIRE overview J.-D. Paris, P. Ciais, N. Schneider, C. Gerbig, H. Dolman, D. Papale, T. Vesala, A. Carrara, A. Lindroth, T. Warneke, and all the ICOS-INWIRE contributors

2. 2 ICOS – Integrated Carbon Observing System ESFRI Research Infrastructure for quantifying and understanding the greenhouse gases budget of Europe and adjacent regions ICOS integrates terrestrial, atmospheric and oceanic observations at various sites into a coherent, high-precision dataset, managed by Thematic Centers. 40 atmospheric stations40 ecosystem stations 10 ocean ship-lines Long-term measurement networks dedicated to GHG:

3. ICOS facts & figures 13 countries committed at ministerial level, +2 joining More than 30 research labs actively involved, 400+ scientists Central facilities in France, Italy, Germany; HQ in Finland Creation of European legal organization ERIC: pre- submission to EC in June Provide in-situ observations to deliver flux maps at 10 km scale weekly with accuracy <10-50 g C m -2 y -1 Main parameters: CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations, CO 2 EC fluxes Operations: 20 years or more Accuracy: compliant to international standards Coverage: Europe and other regions (Africa, Siberia, oceans)

4. 4/ 13Country Biogenic Flux UncertaintygC/m2/day France0.237 Germany0.338 Norway0.510 Sweden0.444 UK0.253 Spain0.377 Poland0.386 Netherlands0.645 Denmark0.541 Italy0.401 Finland0.285 National carbon budgets with ICOS Kadygrov et al., 2013

5. Atmospheric services: Greenhouse gases >> http://www.gmes-atmosphere.eu

6. Data requirements addressed by ICOS-INWIRE ParameterTimelinessProvision GISC require- ments CO 2 & CH 4 in-situ concentrations 1 month (target) 6 month (threshold) ICOS Atm CO 2 in-situ fluxesICOS Eco CO 2 & CH 4 total columnTCCON GEO Carbon Strategy CO 2 & CH 4 in-situ concentrations near real-time (24h) ICOS Atm CO 2 & CH 4 in-situ fluxesICOS Eco Boundary layer height 1 month (target) 6 month (threshold) ICOS Atm Ecosystem ancillary variablesvariousICOS Eco GMES In-Situ Component Data Requirements report 2010 GEO Carbon Strategy (2010) report. GEO, Group for Earth Observations Carbon task

7. Main objectives of ICOS-INWIRE Autonomous and robust GHG sensors systems – Develop and test new sensor systems for GHG flux and concentration measurements in challenging/remote environments Improved GHG tracer transport models through Boundary Layer Height data – develop new software to process LIDAR data operationally, – Transmit BLH to data assimilation systems Enhance GHG data provision to GMES Atmosphere and Land modeling communities – NRT GHG data products, – elaborated delayed-mode products – from multiple data sources, including ICOS, TCCON and other networks Convergence with space systems – develop a new fast–delivery (one month) data product from 4 European TCCON stations for GMES/MACC-II

8. Instrument manufacturers Other observation networks Copernicus services Secured, timely data distribution Robust designs Infrastructure Research Data ICOS-INWIRE in its ecosystem Inter- operability R&D GEO GCI

9. Enhanced operational capabilities of ICOS atmospheric network Improved GHG data processing and distribution – Adapted for GMES services, – compliant w/GEOSS data architecture New variables: BLH, total column (GEO Carbon Strategy) Total column integration with in- situ in-situ CO2, CH4 from 12 atmospheric sites delivered in NRT to GMES (MACC-II).

10. Enhanced operational capabilities of ICOS eddy covariance network Key ecosystem variables selection for GMES Land Core Service Element NRT data transmission and processing schemes optimization ICOS ecosystem database setup to serve GMES users & comply with GEOSS data architecture Definition of metrics to evaluate ecosystem variable assimilation in land surface models surf T in LMA EC vs ISBA, ORCHIDEE, CTESSEL

11. Near real time data -> validation of forecast Final data -> for re-analysis Until now experimental service, jitter, lots of trial-and-error Users already took up & consider it well established! GHG data for reanalysis and forecast

12. Enhance interoperability with other GHG networks Assess the compatibility requirements of different GHG atmospheric networks (using high-res. inverse modeling) Network design assessment over Europe, toward maximum reduction of flux uncertainties Ensure network compatibility with other networks incl. TCCON Validation of satellite GHG products (ESA-GHG-CCI) Posterior uncertainty (gC m-2 day-1) 14-day avg / 50 km res NEE during July 2007 Kadygrov et al., 2013 Flux chamber, Hyytiälä

13. Interoperability through GEOSS data infrastructure will optimize the discoverability, accessibility and re- use of data Catalogue of metadata GENESI-DEC, here: collocating ICOS and SCIAMACHY data http://www.genesi-dec.eu/search/ Enhance interoperability with other GHG networks

14. ICOS-INWIRE contributes to GEO Automatic, robust, timely in-situ GHG data provision by ICOS to atmosphere and land services in Copernicus Contribute to achievement of Task CL-02 Global Carbon Observation and Analysis: – Infrastructure (better data and enhanced interoperability) – Science and technology (link with space) – User engagement (network design, requirements) – Contribute to the WMO Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) GEOSS Common Infrastructure: Enable brokerage solutions for ICOS data Submit data to WMO WDCGG -> GEOSS Data CORE

15. Wrap up ICOS is a European Research Infrastructure to measure carbon greenhouse gases Turning an emerging research infrastructure into an operational environmental data provider is an heavy task ICOS-INWIRE will enhance greenhouse gas data delivery by: – Developping more robust, connected sensor systems, – Establishing and implementing key methods for data transmission and processing at Thematic Centers, – Ensuring interoperability ICOS-INWIRE seeks to better connect ICOS with its key users in Copernicus, and GEOSS Project just started and will last for 3 years

16. ICOS improved sensors, network and interoperability for GMES The project is funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme. Thank you www.icos-inwire.lsce.ipsl.fr jdparis@lsce.ipsl.fr The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n°313169

18. Work breakdown: atmosphere and ecosystem strands

19. Define standard data format for backscatter signals – Month 6 Unified lidar preprocessing and retrieval algorithm – Month 12 Interpolated BLH retrieval product – Month 36 ALS300 CHM15K CL31 20/6/2009, MHD campaign Using different algorithms Milroy et al., 2012 LIDAR observations of boundary layer Potential for application to national LIDAR networks put in place by met agencies EG-Climet, ACTRIS

20. ICOS-INWIRE, Requirement specifications for GHG atmospheric stations in extreme environments Improve data transmission package Improve flask sampler Industry liaison for analyzer improv/t Testing ‘heavy-duty’ atmospheric CO2/CH4/Meteo sensor systems for remote areas and challenging environments WP2: Autonomous GHG atmospheric sensor

21. WP4: Autonomous GHG ecosystem sensor systems Report on initial ‘heavy-duty’ EC flux sensors system design Incl. recommendation, performance requirements Improve EC system, wifi, power supply Improve additionnal variables Standardization, link with WMO, FAO ‘Heavy-duty’ EC sensors system tests at 3 harsh-condition stations, incl. accuracy and data continuity performances

22. R&D, design studies 2001-2008 Preparatory phase (EC-FP7) 2008-2013 Construction phase 2011-2014 Operational phase 2013-… CarboEurope-IP Other research projects National networks Month 24: Select atmospheric and ecosystem sensors Month 36: Draft of legal status & governance Month 60: Final network assessment stations Implementation Plan Month 24: Decision on locations of Central facilities Month 36: Expenditure and ressource plan Month 30: Demonstration with few sites Month 12: User survey and requirement, data providers, data handling strategy National contributions Cristallisation phase Design and construction of the infrastructure

23. CarboChange; GHG Europe; national programs –Ecosystems carbon balance –Integrated up scaling methods COCOS, GEOCARBON –International cooperation –New global datasets; Synthesis; RECCAP MACC-II; GEOLAND2; CARBONES –Carbon cycle data assimilation system ESA-GCI –Exploitation of remote sensing data ICOS, ICOS-INWIRE, InGOS, FixO3 –Flux towers, ocean and atmospheric infrastructure IAGOS Space agencies –New GHG missions, MERLIN, MicroCarb,... Basic research Operational models GMES Operational In-situ observing system European carbon projects

24. ICOS-INWIRE: the Concept

25. Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives-LSCE Coordination, atmospheric system design, test, data distribution, link with space France Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Atmospheric system design, boundary layer height Germany VU University Amsterdam Ecosystem system design, methodology Netherlands Università degli Studi della Tuscia Ecosystem system design, data distribution, link with space Italy Helsingin Yliopisto Heavy-duty, extreme conditions instrument test Finland Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo Heavy-duty, extreme conditions instrument test Spain University of Lund Heavy-duty, extreme conditions instrument test Sweden University of Bremen Atmospheric remote sensing, link with space, data provision Germany The project consortium