1. Name 3 of 4 European countries that explored and claimed land in current-day U.S.

2. The water route that the explorers were looking for when they claimed land in America was the ________ _________ to Asia.

3. The _________ __________ was the transfer of various plants, animals and diseases between the eastern and western hemispheres.

4. Name at least 3 reasons people were motivated to colonize America.

5. The first attempt at settlement in America that mysteriously disappeared was at ____________.

6. __________ was the first successful English settlement.

7. What document set up the basis for self- government and laws for the good of the Massachusetts colony in 1620?

9. In 1619, Virginians established the 1 st form of representative government in the colonies, called the _________ of ___________.

13. Give at least 2 reasons that Africans were forced into slavery in the Americas.

15. The _____________ Colonies were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.

16. The __________Colonies were characterized by Puritan religious values, fishing, shipping & commerce, and subsistence farming.

17. The _____________ Colonies were New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.

18. The ____________ Colonies (aka the Breadbasket Colonies) were characterized by diverse ethnic groups, commerce & trade, and cash crops of grain.

19. The ___________ Colonies were Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Maryland.

20. The ____________ Colonies were characterized by large plantations with slave labor and cash crops of tobacco, indigo and rice.

21. The _______________ was the region in the colonies that ran along the Appalachian Mountains & was mainly settled by Scots-Irish farmers.

23. List 4 of 5 requirements to be able to vote in the English colonies.

24. Disease, displacement, technology, and assimilation negatively impacted what people due to European colonization of America?

25. ________ _________ was the name given to a trading route in the Atlantic with 3 stops involving sugar, rum, and enslaved Africans.

26. The portion of the triangular trade route that involved shipping captured Africans to work in the Americas was called the _________ ___________.

27. What religious group established the 1 st public schools in Massachusetts because they believed everyone should know how to read the Bible?

29. The_______ ________ was a religious revival in the 1730’s & 40’s which encouraged ideas of equality, and the right to challenge authority.

30. Britain’s hands-off policy with the colonies of _________ _________ (not governing much) caused the colonists to become more independent and self- governing.

31. ______________ was the economic system used by Britain and her colonies. It was the belief that the colonies were there to benefit the Mother Country. (hint:..…..ism)

32. In an attempt to unite the colonies, Ben Franklin observed the League of the Iroquois and came up with the _______ ________ of Union.

33. What enlightened thinker, famous inventor, writer and statesman lobbied for French assistance during the American Revolution?

34. At the end of the French & Indian War, the Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended which country’s control in North America?

35. The attempt to ban settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains & prevent conflict with the Native Americans was called the _____________ of 1763.

36. Which war, partly fought in America between the British and French, doubled Britain’s debt, which led to increased taxes in the 13 colonies?

40. What man from Boston helped spark the American Revolution by leading the Sons of Liberty and forming the Committees of Correspondence?

42. The first person killed at the Boston Massacre was a free African American sailor whose name was _________ _________.

43. Who was the Boston silversmith and leader of the Sons of Liberty whose engraving of the Boston Massacre was used as propaganda against the British?

44. ______ ______ --a lawyer, statesman, & central figure in the Continental Congresses—defended the soldiers of the Boston Massacre, providing a voice of reason in the American Revolution.

47. The 1 st ___________ ____________ was formed as a response to the Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts and united the colonies in upholding their rights.

48. What Virginia lawyer’s passionate speeches in the House of Burgesses called for independence from Great Britain?

49. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet, _________ _________, convinced many colonists that a complete break from England was necessary.

50. The 2nd ________ _________ 1) created the Declaration of Independence, 2) put into action an interim government that other nations could recognize, 3) created a standing army with George Washington as commander-in-chief.

51. The Declaration of Independence was based on the ideas of what English philosopher who said that people have natural rights of life, liberty, and property that the government should protect.

53. Who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence?

54. Who was the president of the Continental Congress and first signer of the Declaration of Independence?

57. The first shots of the American Revolution (“shot heard ‘round the world”) were fired at __________ and __________ outside Boston, Massachusetts.

58. Name 2 advantages for the British in the Revolutionary War.

59. Name 2 advantages for the Continental Army (patriots) in the Revolutionary War.

60. In what three ways (groups) were colonists divided during the Revolutionary War?

61. Who was commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War?

65. Which battle was the turning point of the Revolutionary War and WHY?

66. This young French volunteer was an encouragement to Washington and a great help to the Continental Army.

67. The hardships endured at this winter encampment along with the training by Baron von Steuben united the Continental Army into a more disciplined fighting force.

69. ______ ______ ______ was America’s most famous naval officer especially because of his amazing victory over the British warship, The Serapis, in which he cried, “I have not yet begun to fight!”

70. This well-known Continental officer and hero of Saratoga became America’s most famous traitor when he turned over West Point to the British.

72. What type of military tactic did colonists (like Francis Marion, “The Swamp Fox”) use to neutralize the highly trained British regulars?

74. Although the Revolutionary War would go on for another 2 years, _________ was the last major battle.

75. What 1783 treaty forced Britain to recognize the independence of the colonies & limits British control in North America to Canada?

76. Name at least 2 reasons why the Continental Army won the Revolutionary War.

79. The colonies modeled their representative government after what British legislative (law-making) body?

80. The _______ of _________ (our 1 st constitution) caused commercial and political problems within the nation.

81. Name 2 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

84. The _________ _________ helped in the mapping and settlement of the western territories.

85. This violent event (2 words) helped the Founding Fathers realize that changes to the Articles of Confederation (& maybe a new Constitution) was necessary.

86. The _____________ Convention was originally convened to revise the Articles of Confederation. Instead they wrote an entirely new constitution.

87. The ___________________ over Congressional representation, particularly dealing with counting 3/5 of slaves, allowed the Constitution to be written.

88. James Madison’s ____________ Plan provided for three branches of government, and was the basis for the new Constitution.

89. The Constitution is based on the principles of popular sovereignty, separation of powers, ___________________, limited government, and federalism.

90. ________________exists when you have a strong national government, and power is divided between state and federal governments.

91. When people are the most important source of government power, it’s called this __________________

92. _______________pre vents any one group or individual from becoming too powerful.

93. _________________ is a system that allows each branch of government to exert some control over the other branches.

94. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison were this, __________________, people who favored ratification of the Constitution because they favored a strong central government.

95. ____________________ were people who opposed the ratification of the Constitution because they believed it made the state governments too weak, and it had not bill of rights.

96. The __________________ guarantees inalienable rights and freedoms to citizens.

97. This man, ______________, is seen as the father of the Constitution because of his knowledge of governments and his push to pas the Bill of Rights through Congress.