1. Introduction to IPv6 Network & Application
Passakon Prathombutr
Next Generation Internet (NGI)
National Electronics and Computer Technology Center

2. IPv6: Why? & How? Why? How? USER CARRIER ISP Why? How? DEVELOPER
RESEARCHER
Why? How?

3. Needs for IPv6 Unlike Y2K IPv4-1970, IPv6-1990
Exhaustion of IP (v4) addresses
Why not IPv5?
“5” becomes stream protocol, ST, assigned in version field of header.
Enhance features

4. Technological Imperatives for Adoption
Need Killer Application?
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Not for IPSec, QoS, VoIP, Peer-to-Peer
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

5. What is IPv6?
Internet Protocol Version 6 designed by IETF to replace current IP (IPv4)
More address spaces (128-bits)
New header design and features

6. Header comparison Removed (6) Changed (3) IPv4 Added (2) Expanded IPv615 16 31
Removed (6)
vers hlen TOS total length
ID, flags, flag offset
TOS, hlen
header checksum
identification flags flag-offset 20
bytes
TTL protocol header checksum
source address
destination address
Changed (3)
options and padding
total length => payload
protocol => next header
TTL => hop limit
IPv4
vers traffic class flow-label
Added (2)
payload length next header hop limit
traffic class
flow label 40
bytes
source address
Expanded
destination address
address 32 to 128 bits
IPv6

7. Major Improvement of IPv6 Header
No Option field. Replaced by extension header. Result in a fixed length, 40-byte IP header.
No header checksum. Result in fast processing.
No fragmentation at intermediate nodes. Result in fast IP forwarding.

8. 128-bit IPv6 Address
3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234
8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”
Leading zeros can be removed
3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234
:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers

9. Prefix Allocation Type Prefix (binary bits) Range
Global (+anycast) xxx to 3xxx
Link-local FE8x to FEBx
Site-local FECx to FEFx
Multicast FFxx
Link-local: Unreachable from other sites, equivalent to IPv4 private addr.
Site-local: Used to communicate with neighbor node on the same link.
Global Allocation:
2001::/16 Sub-TLA Assignment (by APNIC, ARIN, RIPE)
2002::/16 6to4 (simply generated from 1 public IPv4 address)
3FFE::/16 6bone (e.g., NECTEC got 3FFE:4016::/32)

10. Example on Windows XP From router C:\> ipv6 if Random EUI-64 MAC
Interface 4: Ethernet: Local Area Connection
{0220B018-5B2D-43A4-B44F-D2641F448EB0}
uses Neighbor Discovery
uses Router Discovery
link-layer address: 00-0e-a6-5b-15-87
preferred global 3ffe:4016:e000:1:7408:b672:b459:8f6b, life 6d20h36m49s/20h3 4m2s (anonymous)
preferred global 3ffe:4016:e000:1:20e:a6ff:fe5b:1587, life 29d23h53m56s/6d23 h53m56s (public)
preferred link-local fe80::20e:a6ff:fe5b:1587, life infinite
multicast interface-local ff01::1, 1 refs, not reportable
multicast link-local ff02::1, 1 refs, not reportable
multicast link-local ff02::1:ff5b:1587, 2 refs, last reporter
multicast link-local ff02::1:ff59:8f6b, 1 refs, last reporter
link MTU 1500 (true link MTU 1500)
current hop limit 64
reachable time 15000ms (base 30000ms)
retransmission interval 1000ms
DAD transmits 1
Random
EUI-64 MAC

11. Benefits of IPv6 Improve efficiency in routing and packet handling
Large addressing space and network prefixes – short and scalable routing table
Header format is simpler than that of the IPv4 header – good for 64-bit processors
Support Plug and Play address auto-configuration/ renumbering
Good for mobile IP wireless devices, and home appliances.
Easier to transit from one provider to another.

12. Benefits of IPv6 (cont.) Support for embedded IPSec
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH) are parts of extension headers
Improve support for multicast – No more broadcast addresses
Eliminate the need for NAT
Support for widely deployed routing protocols e.g., OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, RIPng and BGP4+

13. Techniques for Transition
Dual stack
Between IPv6 islands via IPv4 cloud
IPv6-over-4 configured tunnel, 6to4, 6over4, ISATAP, Tunnel broker (freenet6, Hurricane Electric, TILAB)
Between IPv6 and IPv4
DSTM(Dual-Stack Transition Mechanism), NAT-PT(Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation), SIIT (Stateless IPv6-IPv4 Translator), BIS(Bump-In-the-Stack), BIA(Bump-In-the-API), TCP-UDP relay

14. 6to4 Tunneling Tunnel IPv4 202.57.124.186 IPv6 2002:CA39:7CBA::1/128
IPv :C096:F018::1/128
Tunnel
2002:C096:F018::2/128
2002:CA39:7CBA::2/128
IPv4
Network
6to4
router
6to4
router
6to4 network
6to4 network
IPv4 packet
Src
Dest
IPv6 packet
Src :CA39:7CBA::2/128
Dest. 2002:C096:F018::2/128
IPv6 packet
Src :CA39:7CBA::2/128
Dest. 2002:C096:F018::2/128

15. เครือข่าย IPv6 6NET (www.6net.org) 6LINK (www.6link.org)
A project to demonstrate how IPv6 technology can enable the continued growth of the internet.
6LINK (
A project that aims to foster an improved understanding of IPv6 development and deployment.
6BONE (
An IPv6 Testbed of the IETF IPng project
6NGIX and 6KANet
IPv6 Network Internet exchange
IPv6 Korea Advanced Network
6net สนับสนุนให้เกิดการนำมาใช้ทั่วๆไป แต่ 6LINK สนับสนุนกาi

16. IPv6 sites http://www.freenet6.net/
Freenet6 server delivers IPv6 connectivity for end stations using IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels. Computers connected to Internet can use this free service to get connected on the 6Bone.
IP Next Generation (IPng) Working Group Home Page
6bone Home Page
European IPv6 exchange backbone. Jan02-05
6ren Home Page
University of Lisbon Science Faculty IPv6 testbed (in Portuguese)
Technology channel on Startdust.com for IPv6
Russian National IPv6 Forum
European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications
A world-wide consortium of leading Internet vendors, Research & Education Networks.
IPv6 News & Links

17. Current Products/Applications
*BSD, Linux, MS Windows 2000, XP, 9X, NT, Solaris, MAC OS X, Open-VMS, True64 Unix, HP-UX
Cisco, Juniper, Nortel, Fujitsu, Hitachi, GNU zebra, etc.
WWW, DNS, Mail, FTP, Telnet, News, Firewall, etc.

19. Thank you