1. Alan Walker Professor of Social Policy and Social Gerontology University of Sheffield UK Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007 SOCIAL QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE WELFARE REGIMES

2. Welfare Regimes East and West Sustainability: the Missing Dimension Developing a Social Quality Approach to Sustainability SOCIAL QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE WELFARE REGIMES Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

3. AN EAST ASIAN SOCIAL MODEL? WELFARE REGIMES EAST AND WEST Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

5. SELECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR SIX EAST ASIAN SOCIETIES (2004) Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

6. Confucian family solidarity and paternalistic groupism that made up Japan did not fit popular notions of capitalism; Confucian tradition of diligence, entrepreneurism, striving for education, and state co-ordination led South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore achieve the 'economic miracle', and also, the deep- seated family- and community-orientations deviates the mainland China from other ex-socialist countries. These striking similarities indicated a 'Confucian region' in East Asia. (Rozman, 1991) Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

7. EAST ASIAN WELFARE REGIMES Low spending on welfare Emphasis on societal role Selectivity and funded pensions Factors in welfare regime development development political ideology authoritarianism colonialism ethnicity gender Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

8. THE WESTERN EUROPEAN SOCIAL MODEL A political construction An over-generalisation Diversity of welfare regime types Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

9. (Walker, 1999) WHO SHOULD MAINLY PAY FOR THE CARE OF OLDER PEOPLE? 1998 (PERCENTAGES) Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

10. VIEWS OF PEOPLE AGED 60+ TOWARDS OLD AGE (%) (Izuhara, 1992) Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

11. COMPARISON OF EAST ASIAN AND EU SOCIAL MODELS Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

12. Contrasting Social Models Inadequacy of the Labels Occidental and Oriental Stereotypes WELFARE STATE OR WELFARE SOCIETY? The Impact of Neo-liberalism - First wave reforms: residualisation and welfare pluralism - Second wave reforms: activation Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

13. The Political Economy of Welfare Moving Targets Multiple Sources of Welfare Comparing Institutional Arrangements and Individual Motivations DEVELOPING A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

14. SUSTAINABILITY - THE MISSING DIMENSION Social Quality and Sustainable Welfare regimes SOCIAL QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE WELFARE REGIMES Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

15. The Concept of 'Sustainability' Environment/ecology Economic Social SUSTAINABILITY - THE MISSING DIMENSION Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

16. WELFARE SUSTAINABILITY Dominance of economism Roles of IGOs The Transatlantic Consensus on globalisation Impact on EU and East Asia Sustainability - The Missing Dimension Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007 SUSTAINABILITY - THE MISSING DIMENSION

17. Pension system reforms National policies not globalisation But…role of IGOs Importance of EU perspective IMPACT OF WELFARE SUSTAINABILITY DISCOURSES IN EU Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

18. …to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge- based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion. European Council, Lisbon, March 2000 SUSTAINABILITY IN THE EU Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

19. …a guiding principle of the new Social Policy Agenda will be to strengthen the role of social policy as a productive factor. European Commission, 2000 Sustainability in the EU Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007 SUSTAINABILITY IN THE EU

20. Social policy Social quality/Social cohesion Competitiveness/Dynamism Full employment/ Quality of work Economic policy Employment policy The policy mixes to be established to create a virtuous circle of economic and social progress should reflect the inter- dependence of these policies and aim to maximise their mutual positive reinforcement. Source: European Commission (2000) THE EU POLICY TRIANGLE Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

21. 1. Adequacy THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL MODEL i.the need to prevent poverty and social exclusion among older people, ii.the maintenance of living standards after retirement, iii.promotion of solidarity within and between generations. 3. Modernisation 2. Financial sustainability: i.achieving a high level of unemployment, ii.incentives for the participation of older workers, iii.reform of pension systems to support sustainable public finances, iv.achieving a fair balance between the active and retired populations, v.reviewing the management and regulatory framework for funded private pensions. i.making pension systems compatible with modern labour markets in terms of mobility, flexibility and security, ii.taking account of the changing role of women in society, iii.greater transparency and adaptability in pension systems. Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

22. Pension system reforms National policies not globalisation But…role of IGOs Importance of EU perspective No shift from welfare state to welfare society BUT… Dominance of neo-liberal ideas in sustainability discourses Role of UK New Member States IMPACT OF WELFARE SUSTAINABILITY DISCOURSES IN EU Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

23. Economic rationale Liberal welfare regimes Impact of financial crisis and globalisation Contrasting reform measures IMPACT OF WELFARE SUSTAINABILITY DISCOURSES IN EAST ASIA Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

24. SUSTAINABILITY EAST AND WEST Differences reflecting models and path development Similarities: - influences of International Governmental Organisations - narrow construction of sustainability (the invisibility of the social) - emphasis on regime maintenance - absence of recipient perspectives - questions about legitimacy Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

25. DEVEOPING A SOCIAL QUALITY APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY Social Quality and Sustainable Welfare Regimes SOCIAL QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE WELFARE REGIMES Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

26. A SOCIAL QUALITY APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY Questions dominance of economism Emphasises missing social dimension Questions tripartite model and concept itself Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

27. Definition the extent to which people are able to participate in the social, economic and cultural life of their communities under conditions which enhance their well-being and individual potential (Beck, et al, 1997) A Social Quality Approach to Sustainability Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007 A SOCIAL QUALITY APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY

28. Four Conditional Factors of Social Quality A Social Quality Approach to Sustainability Socio-economic security Social inclusion Social cohesion Social empowerment Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007 A SOCIAL QUALITY APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY

29. Societal Development Systems Communities Institutions Families Organisations Groups Biographical Development TWO BASIC RECIPROCAL TENSIONS Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

30. Societal Development Socio-economic Social Security Cohesion Systems CONDITIONS FOR Communities Institutions SOCIAL QUALITY Families Organizations Groups Social Social Inclusion Empowerment Biographical Development THE QUADRANGLE OF THE CONDITIONAL FACTORS Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

31. Respect for the fundamental dignity of all citizens requires us to declare that we do not want to see growing numbers of beggars, tramps and homeless people in the cities of Europe. Nor can we countenance Europe with large numbers of unemployed, growing numbers of poor people and those who have only limited access to health care and social services. These and many other indicators demonstrate the current inadequacy of Europe to provide social quality for all its citizens. AMSTERDAM DECLARATION ON THE SOCIAL QUALITY OF EUROPE, 1997 Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

32. Societal Development Systems Communities Institutions Families Organisations Groups Biographical Development TWO BASIC RECIPROCAL TENSIONS Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

33. Societal development Personal Social Security recognition Systems ACTORS CAPABLE Communities Institutions OF SOCIAL QUALITY Families Organizations Groups Social Personal responsiveness capacity Biographical Development THE QUADRANGLE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL FACTORS Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

34. Social Quality Factors SOCIAL QUALITY FACTORS Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

35. SOCIAL QUALITY AND WELFARE REGIME SUSTAINABILITY Social Quality and Sustainable Welfare Regimes SOCIAL QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE WELFARE REGIMES Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

36. A holistic approach to sustainability A basis on which to evaluate trade-offs Emphasis on outcomes for citizens Overcomes conservatism of sustainability discourses Necessity for a paradigm change in both EU and East Asia SOCIAL QUALITY AND WELFARE REGIMES SUSTAINABILITY Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

37. Welfare Regimes East and West Sustainability: the Missing Dimension Developing a Social Quality Approach to Sustainability Conclusion SOCIAL QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE WELFARE REGIMES Alan Walker, Keynote Lecture for Second Asian Conference on Social Quality, Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, National Taiwan University, 28-29 th March 2007

38. THE END THANK YOU 多謝各位 謝謝 SOCIAL QUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE WELFARE REGIMES