1. End of the Recession

2. Neutrality Act of 1939 November 4, 1939 Affirmed US neutrality
Last of 4 neutrality acts
Put all trade with belligerent nations under the terms of “cash- and-carry”
Lifted the arms embargo
Kept the ban on loans
American ships couldn’t transport the goods to belligerent ports
US ships and citizens were also banned from traveling through "combat zones," designated by presidential discretion
Represented compromise between the US Government and the isolationist sentiment of the American people
That policy prevented the United States from helping a belligerent by extending credit and from violating blockades in shipping goods. U.S. ships and citizens were also banned from traveling through "combat zones," which were designated by presidential discretion.

3. Hatch act
Forbade civil servants from participating in political campaigns
Public office holders could not use federal funds for campaigns
People who received federal assistance could not donate funds to politicians
Passed by congress
Meant to get rid of New Dealers who relied on the poor's support
Weakened Roosevelt's executive power

4. Raising the Defense Budget
January 12, Roosevelt recommends a 2 year defense budget of $535 million in a special message to Congress
January, President Franklin Roosevelt asks Congress for $1,800,000,000 for defense
March Air Defense Command is established to plan air defense of US against possible attack.
May President Roosevelt asks Congress for $1,300,000,000 in supplemental funds for military and naval development.

5. 1940 US declined to renew commercial trade treaty with Japan
Roosevelt asked Congress for $1,800,000,000 for defense budget
Social Security payments started
Roosevelt asked Congress for $1,300,000,000
Congress raised the national debt ceiling to $49,000,000,000
Election of 1940
US provides Britain with 50 destroyers in return for 99 year leases of bases in 7 British territories
Peacetime draft enacted

6. Social Security Under 1935 Congressional law- 1939 amendment
Monthly Social Security benefits were to start in 1942, in the form of a single, lump-sum payment
However, payments of monthly benefits began in January 1940 and not in 1942
1939 amendment
old-age benefits were extended to dependents of workers
Test of retirement- earning less than $15 a month
Wife eligible for 50% benefit if over 65
Aged widows and those with dependent children were eligible for 75%
Dependent children received 50% benefit
Concerns about the overall economy in (which had slipped back into recession) made policymakers reluctant to limit domestic spending
Other changes made later created a situation where Social Security was a very good deal for participants in the start-up phase of the program but not so much for future retirees

7. Aid for Dependent Children
Aid to dependent Children
Welfare program
Created in 1935 under the social security act
To prevent poor families from placing their children in orphanages in return for cash
Renamed in 1962
Single-parent families especially unmarried mothers and their children
A family had to include a child 18 years or younger unless they had a 19 year old attending high school
Needed US citizenship and a lack of financial support

8. Isolationists
Formed due to a combination of the Great Depression and World War I
Ideology
Advocated non-involvement in European or Asian conflicts and avoiding international politics
Marginal US interests in conflicts did not justify the number of US casualties
Stimson Doctrine
Created after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria
US would not recognize territory gained by aggression and in violation of international agreements
Expressed concern without committing to direct involvement
Strong isolationist sentiment in Congress
Neutrality acts were to stop American involvement in international conflict

9. Election of 1940 FDR ran for 3rd term, breaking 2 term precedent
Did not actively seek nomination
Believed America would need an experienced leader as WWII was developing
Promised to keep America out of “foreign wars”
Roosevelt's opponent in the election of 1940 was little-known utility executive Wendell Willkie, who had never run for political office. A former Democrat, he had traveled around the country speaking out against the New Deal. He continued to travel during the campaign, making 540 speeches in 343 states. While in the election of 1936 Republicans attacked Roosevelt's New Deal, their tactic changed somewhat in 1940, and they attacked instead the speed and efficiency of the administration's domestic programs. They also labeled Roosevelt a "warmonger" because of his lend-lease assistance to Great Britain, which was facing attacks by Nazi Germany. The third issue of the campaign was Roosevelt's quest for a third term, called dictatorial by Republicans.  Roosevelt had faced some problems during his second term, notably his unconstitutional Court-packing plan and the failure of several New Deal bills. He responded promptly to Great Britain's need for assistance, however, and understood the growing threat of the war overseas. His statement that he would never involve the United States in "foreign wars" left him open to respond to direct attack, which he did after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in Roosevelt waited to be offered the nomination rather than actively pursuing it but vigorously campaigned once nominated. He chose Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace as his running mate.  Roosevelt handily won the election in the Electoral College but received the slimmest popular vote margin of any race since He received 449 electoral votes to Willkie's 82 but just 54.7% of the popular vote to Willkie's 44.8%. Roosevelt was the first president elected to a third term, and it was not his last.

10. Wendell Willkie Born February 18, 1892 Corporate lawyer
Member of democratic party until 1939
Dark horse- One who achieves unexpected support and success as a political candidate, typically during a party's convention
Had never run for public office
Wrote speeches and articles attacking the New Deal
Died October 8, 1944

11. Willkie’s Campaign Tactics
Inefficacy and corruption of the New Deal
Unprecedented 3rd term
Governments lack of military preparedness
Relied on radio broadcasts
Later criticized FDR's lack of preparedness in military matters
Claimed FDR was planning got take the US in to war against Germany
Attracted isolationists
Had letters from FDR’s running mate that contained exotic religious beliefs
Believed it would alienate many voters
Democrats threatened to release info about Willkie's rumored affair

12. Outcome Electoral vote 449 vs 82 54.7% of popular vote vs 44.8%
Unified government
FDR took 3rd term as president

13. Peacetime Draft October 16, 1940
The Selective Service and Training Act
First Peacetime draft
All men ages were required to register
Lottery system decided who would go into military service
Established the Selective Service System as an independent federal agency

14. Lend-Lease Enacted March 11, 1941
Provided extension of credit, weapons, and supplies to Britain
Allowed due to fall of France which left Britain fighting Hitler alone
While Britain could no longer pay cash for supplies due to the Neutrality act
Law allowed President to grant aid to any country who defense was deemed vital to US security
Clearly allied US with Britain
Granted more then $50 billion in aid to many countries during the War
Isolationists opposed the bill
Payment would eventually take place but needn't be in the form of cash

15. Atlantic Charter August 14 ,1941
Joint declaration by FDR and Winston Churchill
The two meet in Newfoundland aboard the USS Augusta
Broad statement of US and British war aims and an outline of the post-war world
Not a binding treaty
One of first key steps to the establishment of the United Nations
Included 8 common principles
Both countries agreed not to seek territorial expansion
To seek the liberalization of international trade
To establish freedom of the seas,
International labor, economic, and welfare standards
Supporting the restoration of self-governments for all countries that had been occupied during the war
Allowing all peoples to choose their own form of government
January 1, 1942 – 26 other governments pledged their support for the Charter’s principles

16. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, just before 8 AM
Hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base near Honolulu, HI
20 American Naval vessels crippled or destroyed
8 battleships
200+ airplanes
2,000+ soldiers and sailors died
1,000+ were wounded
Declaring war
1 dissenting vote

18. Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, members of the Senate and the House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7th, a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that nation, and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its Emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese Ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And, while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has therefore undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. As Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense, that always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people, in their righteous might, will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph. So help us God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire. President Franklin D. Roosevelt - December 8, 1941

19. Primary Source Origin Purpose Value Limitations December 8, 1941
FDR’s speech to Congress asking to declare war on Japan
Purpose
Response to the attack on Pearl Harbor
Ask to declare war
Value
Showed how many Americans felt after the attack
United Americans in a common cause
Took America to war with japan
Limitations
Didn’t have all the facts yet
Emphasized American interests
Was meant to persuade isolationists

20. Bibliography
"1939 Timeline." America in the 1930's. University of Virginia. Web. 4 Feb <
"1940 Timeline." America in the University of Virginia. Web. 4 Feb <
"Election map 1940." Map. The American Presidency Project. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 4 Feb
"Election of 1940." Image. AP/Wide World Photos. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 4 Feb
"Election of 1940." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 4 Feb
"Isolationism in World War II." American Government. ABC-CLIO,  Web. 4 Feb
"The Atlantic Charter." History of the United Nations. United Nations. Web. 4 Feb <
“Wendell Willkie." Image. Library of Congress. American History. ABC- CLIO, 2014. Web. 4 Feb