1. Characteristics of Animals
Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Most reproduce sexually; some asexual
Move at some point in their lives

2. Animals need to obtain water, food , and oxygen from their environment
An adaptation is a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment or reproduce.

3. Herbivores are animals that eat only plants.

4. Herbivores

5. Carnivores are animals that eat only other animals.

6. Other examples of carnivores.

7. Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and animals.

8. Look at these pictures. Can you decide what type of food each animal eats?

9. Classification of Animals
Vertebrates-An animal that has a backbone
Ex: fish
Invertebrate-An animal without a backbone. 95% of animals are invertebrates.
Ex: worm

10. Bilateral symmetry- an object has a line that divides the object into halves that are mirror images.

11. Radial symmetry- many line(s) of symmetry that all go through a central point.

12. Animals with radial symmetry
Live in the water
Do not move very fast
Do not have distinct front or back ends
Stay in one spot or move with currents
Are able to sense their environment in all directions.

13. Animals with bilateral symmetry
Larger and more complex
Has a front end that goes first as the animal moves
Move quickly and efficiently
Have sense organs in their front end
(All vertebrates have bilateral symmetry)

14. Bilateral symmetry can be an advantage to a predator because:
These animals are larger and more complex.
They are streamlined and balanced.
They have a front end that moves first making them faster and more efficient.
They have sense organs on their front end to pick up information.

15. Alphabet Bilateral Symmetry-A,B,C,D,E,H,I,K,M,O,T,U,V,W,X,Y
Radial Symmetry-
O,X

16. Phylum Porifera
Means “having pores”.

17. Sponges Asymmetry-no symmetry Lack tissue and organs
A hollow tube covered by pores

18. Structure of a Sponge

19. Incurrent Pores
Water enters the sponge through incurrent pores lining the outside of the sponge. Food and oxygen brought into the sponge.

20. Excurrent Pore
Also called the osculum. Water exits the sponge carrying away waste. After reproduction, carries the swimming larva away from the parent.

21. Spicules
Sponges are classified into groups by the type of minerals that make up the spicules. Spicules give the sponge support and protects the sponge.

22. Collar cells
Line the incurrent pores. Contain whip-like flagella that beat creating a current.
A sponge 10cm tall and 1 cm in diameter pumps about 22.5L of water through its body each day!

23. Anatomy of a Sponge

24. Various types of sponges
Red Tree Sponge

25. Sponges
Tube Sponge
Vase Sponge

26. Phylum Cnidaria Members are carnivores
Have stinging cells to capture their prey and defend themselves
Two body plans: polyp and medusa
Radial symmetry

27. Body forms

28. Examples of Cnidarians
Hydra

29. Other Cnidarians
Jellyfish
Portuguese man-of-war

30. Other examples of cnidarians
Anemones

31. Cnidarians
                           
Coral

32. More photos of coral
                           
Brain coral

33. Formation of coral reefs
Over time as the coral polyps die, their skeletons remain behind. Rocklike masses called reefs form after thousands of years. The Great Barrier Reef near Australia is about 2,000 kilometers long.

34. Importance of coral reefs
Home to more species of fishes and invertebrates than any other environment on Earth.