1. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 2 Developing as a Professional

2. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Beginning Teachers’ Beliefs  When I begin teaching, I will be a better teacher than most of the teachers now in the field.  As I gain experience in teaching, I expect to become more confident in my ability to help children learn.  The most effective teachers are those best able to clearly explain the content they teach their students.

3. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Beginning Teachers’ Beliefs (continued)  I will learn about most of the important aspects of teaching when I get into a classroom.  If I thoroughly understand the content I’m teaching, I’ll be able to figure out a way of getting it across to students. Unfortunately, these beliefs are incorrect and can interfere with beginning teachers’ professional development.

4. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Typical Requirements of Traditional Licensure  Bachelor’s degree  Competency test for basic skills  Test of professional knowledge 35 states use PRAXIS 35 states use PRAXIS 15 states use their own tests 15 states use their own tests Check the text’s Companion Website to see which applies to the state you’ll be teaching in. Check the text’s Companion Website to see which applies to the state you’ll be teaching in.

5. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Alternative Licensure Alternative Licensure  Requirements Bachelor’s degree Bachelor’s degree Licensure test(s) Licensure test(s) Brief intensive clinical experience Brief intensive clinical experience Supervised teaching internship Supervised teaching internship

6. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Alternative Licensure (continued)  Advantages Often a quicker route into the classroom Often a quicker route into the classroom Targets high-teacher-need areas like math, science, special education, and urban teaching positions Targets high-teacher-need areas like math, science, special education, and urban teaching positions  Disadvantages Can be sink-or-swim, with high attrition rates Can be sink-or-swim, with high attrition rates May not include crucial mentoring and supervision assistance May not include crucial mentoring and supervision assistance

7. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Developing a Professional Reputation  Often required for letters of recommendation  Related to conscientious work in classes  Time to begin developing is NOW

8. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Building a Portfolio and Résumé  A portfolio is a collection of work that demonstrates your growth as a developing professional  A résumé provides an overview of a candidate’s job qualification and work experiences (sample found on p. 47 of text)

9. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Creating a Credentials File  Contains Résumé Résumé Position sought Position sought Courses taken and grades Courses taken and grades Letters of recommendation Letters of recommendation Performance evaluations of college supervisor and student teaching cooperating teacher Performance evaluations of college supervisor and student teaching cooperating teacher  Maintained and sent by college or university placement center

10. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Successful Letter of Application  Serves as cover letter for résumé  States type of position sought  Highlights key elements of résumé  Details availability dates for an interview  Model letter found on text p. 48

11. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Where Are the Jobs?  Geography—growth areas in the South and West  Urban and rural districts  Specific content areas Science (especially chemistry and physics) Science (especially chemistry and physics) Math Math Special education Special education English language learning English language learning Spanish (major or minor) Spanish (major or minor)  Be practical and flexible

12. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Interviewing: What Are Districts Looking For?  Knowledge of content area(s) as well as knowledge of how to help students learn  An understanding of how to organize and manage a classroom  A sincere interest in making a difference in students’ lives  A variety of life experiences  The ability to work with others  Adaptability and flexibility

13. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Interviewing: Frequently Asked Questions  Why do you want to teach?  Why do you want to work in this school?  What is your philosophy of education?  How would you motivate unmotivated learners?

14. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Interviewing:Frequently Asked Questions (continued)  How would you plan for classroom management?  How would you handle an incident of misbehavior?  How would you organize a unit on a topic in your area?  How would you involve parents/caregivers in their children’s education?

15. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Assessing a Prospective School: Things to Look For  Commitment and leadership of the principal  School mission  School climate  The physical plant  The behavior of students  Community support  An induction program for teachers

16. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Advantages of Private School Employment  May not require teaching license  Smaller schools with less bureaucracy  Smaller classes  Focused mission  Greater parental involvement

17. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Disadvantages of Private School Employment  Lower salaries 30% lower for new teachers 30% lower for new teachers 40% lower for veteran teachers 40% lower for veteran teachers  Benefits (retirement, medical, dental) may not be as great  Resources and facilities may not be as good

18. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Competition for Minority Teachers  Cultural minorities under-represented in teaching force (12% of teachers versus 33% of students)  Serve as role models  Help make home–school connections  Provide alternate perspectives on effective instruction for cultural minority students

19. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Survival Skills for the First Year of Teaching  Organization: maximizes time, which is always in short supply  Classroom management: #1 concern of beginning teachers (see Chapter 11)  Effective instruction: increases motivation & decreases management problems  Knowing students: shows caring & helps create productive learning environment

20. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Induction Programs  Induction programs target specific needs of beginning teachers Classroom management Classroom management Organization Organization District rules and procedures District rules and procedures

21. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Mentoring Programs  Mentors are experienced teachers who act as guides and provide Emotional support Emotional support Assistance with mundane tasks like recordkeeping and grades Assistance with mundane tasks like recordkeeping and grades Feedback based on classroom observation Feedback based on classroom observation

22. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Teacher Evaluation  Formative: designed to provide helpful feedback  Summative: designed to make administrative decisions about retention and promotion  Find out WHAT and HOW at the beginning of your first year of teaching!

23. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Merit Pay  Takes several forms Based on individual teacher’s student achievement Based on individual teacher’s student achievement Entire school rewarded for student achievement Entire school rewarded for student achievement Principal evaluations or teaching artifacts Principal evaluations or teaching artifacts Extra salary for teaching in high-need areas Extra salary for teaching in high-need areas

24. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Merit Pay (continued)  Arguments for Excellence should be rewarded Excellence should be rewarded Money can attract teachers to high-need areas Money can attract teachers to high-need areas  Arguments against Divisive, damaging morale Divisive, damaging morale Systems not validated by research Systems not validated by research

25. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 Career-Long Professional Development  Membership in professional organizations (see text p. 60)  Become a teacher-leader Serve on curriculum committees Serve on curriculum committees Help establish policies on professional issues Help establish policies on professional issues Write grant proposals Write grant proposals Arrange school-business partnerships Arrange school-business partnerships Facilitate school-to-work activities Facilitate school-to-work activities

26. Kauchak and Eggen, Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, 3rd Ed. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Career-Long Professional Development (continued)  Action research  National Board Certification