1. Fire Extinguisher Awareness
Texas Municipal League Intergovernmental Risk Pool
Loss Prevention
How To Influence Your Audience: Delivering a Powerful Presentation : Helpful Hints
How effective are your presentations? Do people seem captured by your words, data, and graphics? Do they look at you and your slides with intense interest? Do they come to you after the presentation commending you and asking for more on the subject? Perhaps that level of presentation success happens only once in a long while. People say that most presentations are boring and ineffective. How can you make yours more interesting and influential? Here are the techniques that work best:
Know your subject: The one element that can make your presentation much easier on you and more influential to your audience is your mastery of the subject. Practice giving a presentation on your topic until you are confident that you know your topic inside out without having to look at slides or notes.
Speak to your audience’s interest: It’s amazing how many presenters stand up and start talking about their project, their ideas, their product, as it what is of interest to them is also of interest to their audience. Follow the WIFM concept (What’s In It Form Me?) Tell your audience at the outset how what you will be talking about is going to benefit them.
Speak the language of your listeners: A key concept in effective communication is to speak in the language of your listener. This means that you must not speak in your own preferred language, style, and point of view. If you want to be effective, you must make sure that you reach the audience by adopting their language, their style, their way of seeing things, and their level of comprehension. If you don’t reach them, you don’t influence them.
Talk to group one person at a time: Don’t look in the outer space. Look at your audience one at a time. Spend a few seconds looking in the eyes of each person sitting in front of you, then move slowly to the next. This way each person will feel that you are talking to him or her personally.
Make it personal. Make it human: Even if your presentation is technical, make it as human as you can. You make your presentation human by making it personal. Talk about your personal experience. Describe how you felt when. Be vulnerable. Be authentic. By funny, without necessarily telling jokes. Be natural. Be human.
Engage your audience: Communication is a two way street. Avoid giving one-way speeches. Fill your presentations with questions that require your audiences’ answers. Use quizzes to intrigue them. Ask those who have similar experiences to raise their hands. Get them involved. If you have time, give them time to speak and present their view points.
Perform: Being natural and authentic does not mean you stand up there whispering in your normal voice. If you are presenting then you are on stage. You must perform. You need to raise your voice, move, waive your hands. You are the center of attention and the focal point of your audience. Don’t let them sleep in their seats. Your movements, voice, and body language should all be dynamic enough to keep your audience awake and interested.

2. Fire Extinguisher Awareness
OVERVIEW
- Chemistry of Fire
- Classes of Fires and Fire Extinguishers
- Location of Fire Extinguishers
- Inspection and Maintenance of Fire Extinguishers
- How to Use A Fire Extinguisher
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

3. SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training
Four basic elements:
must be present for fire.
Oxygen- to sustain combustion, Fuel- to support the combustion,
Heat- to raise the material to its ignition temperature,
Chemical Reaction- between the other three elements.
To extinguish a fire:
Remove any one of the four elements
Fire Chemistry
Heat
Oxygen
Chemical
Reaction
Fuel
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

4. Classes of Fires/Extinguishers
Class A- Ordinary Combustibles (wood, paper, grass, cloth, rubber and many plastics)
Class B- Flammable Liquids (oil, paint, gasoline, diesel, grease, and flammable gasses)
Class C- Energized Electrical Items (any piece of electrical equipment involved in a fire)
Class D- Combustible Metals (magnesium, titanium,
zirconium, sodium, lithium and potassium)
Class K- Cooking Media (fats, oils, grease)
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

5. SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS RATINGS
There are two types of labels:
one that uses colored geometrical shapes with the appropriate letter designation,
the other is a picture/symbol labeling system designed to make the selection of extinguisher type more easy.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

6. SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training
This is the old style of labeling, designating suitability on Class A, B, and C fires.
This is the new designation, showing that this extinguisher would be suitable for use on Ordinary Combustibles, Flammable Liquids, and Electrical Equipment.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

7. SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training
The new system draws a diagonal red line across the type of fire that the extinguisher is NOT designed for use.
This fire extinguisher is suitable for use on Ordinary Combustibles and Flammable Liquids, but not Electrical Equipment.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

8. SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training
MULTI-CLASS RATINGS
Many extinguishers available today are suitable for use on different types of fires, and so will be labeled A-B, B-C, or A-B-C.
Every extinguisher of this type must be clearly labeled, and if it is not, insist that the proper label be applied.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

9. Classes of Fires/Extinguishers
Class A
- Works by Cooling
- Numerical rating indicates amount of agent, duration
and range of discharge on test fires. A
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

10. Classes of Fires/Extinguishers
Class B
- Works by blanketing the fuel and interrupting the
chemical reaction at the fuel surface.
- Ratings indicate the area in square feet of
flammable liquid fire that a unit will extinguish. B
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

11. Classes of Fires/Extinguishers
Class C
- Works by displacing oxygen and smothering fire
- Class C units have no rating and no should not
imply any capacity
- Indicates that the extinguishing agent is
non-conductive and can be used on
energized equipment C
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

12. Classes of Fires/Extinguishers
Class D
- Generally have no rating nor are they given a
multi-purpose rating for use on other types of
fires.
- Extinguishers for Class D fires are labeled
with a list detailing the metals that match the
unit's extinguishing agent. D
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

13. Classes of Fires/Extinguishers
Class K
- Works by a unique phenomenon called "saponification". This occurs when the free fatty acids from the saturated fats, combined with an alkaline dry chemical, form soapy foam on the surface of the oil. This foam acts much like traditional fire fighting foams to hold in the vapors and steam, and extinguish the fire.
- ABC (multi-purpose type) dry chemicals will not produce the saponification effect because the base chemical (ammonium phosphate) is acidic in nature.
- Generally have no rating nor are they given a multi-purpose rating for use on other types of fires.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

14. Classes of Fires/Extinguishers
Other Types of Extinguishers (Good for General Use)
Dry Chemical extinguishers
are usually Multi-Class rated,
and contain an extinguishing
agent and a compressed,
non-flammable gas as a
propellant.
Halon extinguishers contain a gas that interrupts the chemical reaction taking place as fuels burn. These extinguishers are often used to protect
valuable electrical equipment as they leave no residue to clean up. Halon extinguishers have a limited range (4 to 6 feet) and the initial application should be made at the base of the flames, even after the flames have been extinguished.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

15. Classes of Fires/Extinguishers
Other Types of Extinguishers
WATER - These extinguishers contain water
and compressed gas, and should only be used
on Class A (ordinary combustible) fires.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers are primarily effective in extinguishing Class B and C (liquids and electrical) fires. Since the gas dissipates quickly, they only have an effective reach of 3 to 8 feet. The carbon dioxide is stored as a compressed liquid, and as it expands it cools the surrounding air, often causing ice to form on the "horn" and can produce a static electrical discharge. Since the fire could re-ignite, application should continue even after the fire is out.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

16. Location of Extinguishers
Fire Extinguishers Should Be…
- Clearly Visible
- Readily Accessible for Immediate Use
- Near Paths of Travel and Exits
- Not Blocked By Equipment or Materials
- Kept In Designated Location When Not
Being Used
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

17. Location of Extinguishers
- Extinguishers with a gross weight not exceeding 40 lbs should be installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 5 ft above the floor.
- Extinguishers with a gross weight greater than 40 lbs, except wheeled types, should be installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 3 1/2 ft above the floor.
- In no case can the clearance between the bottom of the extinguisher and the floor be less than 4 in.
NFPA Standard
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

18. Location of Extinguishers
Under 40 lbs.
Over 40 lbs.
5 ft
Max
3 1/2 ft
Max 4”
Min
NFPA Standard
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

19. Inspection & Maintenance of Fire Extinguishers
Extinguishers should be visually and physically inspected (checking the following) at least once per month:
- Mechanical parts of the device (shell and other parts)
- Amount and condition of the extinguishing agent
- Condition of the means for expelling the agent
Thorough maintenance and service checks of extinguishers should be completed on an annually by a qualified service provider.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

20. SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training
Rules To Live By:
The THREE A's
When a fire occurs, remember the Three A’s:
1. Activate the buildings fire alarm system or contact the Fire Department by calling 911.
2. Assist any persons in immediate danger, or those incapable on their own, to exit the building without risk to yourself.
3. Attempt to extinguish the fire only after the first two steps
are completed.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

21. SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training
Rules To Live By:
Before fighting a fire with an extinguisher, keep these rules in mind:
- Know what is burning. If you don't know what is burning, you don't know what type of extinguisher to use. Even if you have an ABC extinguisher, there may be something in the fire that is going to explode or produce highly toxic smoke. Chances are, you will know what's burning, or at least have a pretty good idea, but if you don't, let the fire department handle it.
- The fire is spreading rapidly beyond the spot where it started. The time to use an extinguisher is in the incipient, or beginning, stages of a fire. If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply evacuate the building, closing doors and windows behind you as you leave.
- The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit or means of escape at your back before you attempt to use an extinguisher to put out a fire. In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out quickly, and you don't want to become trapped. Just remember, always keep an exit at your back.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

22. SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Extinguishers come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, but the operation of each is similar.
** There is an easy acronym to remember to use extinguishers:
P A S S which stands for Pull,
Aim,
Squeeze, and
Sweep.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

23. How To Use A Fire Extinguisher
P Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher
A Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
S Squeeze the handle to discharge the extinguisher
S Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base of the fire
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

24. How To Use A Fire Extinguisher
Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep
P.A.S.S.
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

25. Additional Information
For 'Hands-On Training' for your department and any additional or more specific information regarding fire extinguishers awareness, please contact:
- Your Local Fire Marshal/Fire Department
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
SAFETY TRAINING - Fire Extingusher Training

26. Fire Extinguisher Awareness Thank You
Texas Municipal League Intergovernmental Risk Pool
Loss Prevention
How To Influence Your Audience: Delivering a Powerful Presentation : Helpful Hints
How effective are your presentations? Do people seem captured by your words, data, and graphics? Do they look at you and your slides with intense interest? Do they come to you after the presentation commending you and asking for more on the subject? Perhaps that level of presentation success happens only once in a long while. People say that most presentations are boring and ineffective. How can you make yours more interesting and influential? Here are the techniques that work best:
Know your subject: The one element that can make your presentation much easier on you and more influential to your audience is your mastery of the subject. Practice giving a presentation on your topic until you are confident that you know your topic inside out without having to look at slides or notes.
Speak to your audience’s interest: It’s amazing how many presenters stand up and start talking about their project, their ideas, their product, as it what is of interest to them is also of interest to their audience. Follow the WIFM concept (What’s In It Form Me?) Tell your audience at the outset how what you will be talking about is going to benefit them.
Speak the language of your listeners: A key concept in effective communication is to speak in the language of your listener. This means that you must not speak in your own preferred language, style, and point of view. If you want to be effective, you must make sure that you reach the audience by adopting their language, their style, their way of seeing things, and their level of comprehension. If you don’t reach them, you don’t influence them.
Talk to group one person at a time: Don’t look in the outer space. Look at your audience one at a time. Spend a few seconds looking in the eyes of each person sitting in front of you, then move slowly to the next. This way each person will feel that you are talking to him or her personally.
Make it personal. Make it human: Even if your presentation is technical, make it as human as you can. You make your presentation human by making it personal. Talk about your personal experience. Describe how you felt when. Be vulnerable. Be authentic. By funny, without necessarily telling jokes. Be natural. Be human.
Engage your audience: Communication is a two way street. Avoid giving one-way speeches. Fill your presentations with questions that require your audiences’ answers. Use quizzes to intrigue them. Ask those who have similar experiences to raise their hands. Get them involved. If you have time, give them time to speak and present their view points.
Perform: Being natural and authentic does not mean you stand up there whispering in your normal voice. If you are presenting then you are on stage. You must perform. You need to raise your voice, move, waive your hands. You are the center of attention and the focal point of your audience. Don’t let them sleep in their seats. Your movements, voice, and body language should all be dynamic enough to keep your audience awake and interested.