1. LIBRARY WORKSHOP Citing References: APA Style 2009

2. APA Style http://www.apastyle.org http://www.apastyle.org Developed by the American Psychological Association Widely used in Education & Social Sciences journals The Publication Manual (6th ed.) has been released in July 2009 A PA journal editors expect that new manuscripts submitted after January 1, 2010, will conform to the 6th editionA PA journal Students and staff of HKIEd are required to use APA style for their reference list or bibliography

3. Resources of APA Style (6th ed.) Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (6th ed.). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. APA Style Home Page http://www.apastyle.org/http://www.apastyle.org/ What’s New, FAQ, Online Tutorials, Supplemental Materials APA Style Blog http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/ Discussion of rules by APA Style experts

4. What’s new in the 6th Edition? New chapter on academic ethics  Plagiarism, Duplicate publication New contents of writing style  Headings New guidelines of presenting data  Reporting inferential statistics  Revised statistical abbreviations New guidelines of displaying graphic materials New guidelines on citing references New rules of listing references  Electronic resources

5. Headings Style (proceed through the levels numerically) NEW Writing Style

6. Introduction Method Sample Selection Instrumentation and Measures Results Age Physical Health Body weight and height. Cardiopulmonary functions. Cardiac output. Blood pressure. Blood flow. Lung volume. Mental Health Discussion Cardiac Health of Asian Populations Application of this Study Conclusions NEW 5-Levels Headings Style Example 2 3 2 4 5 2 1 1

7. Writing Style Space twice after punctuation marks at the end of a sentence Example: The Institute was granted self-accrediting status in 2004. Currently, we provide doctoral, master and undergraduate degrees, post-graduate diplomas, certificate courses and a range of in-service programmes to around 7,000 pre- service students and serving teachers. In mid-2007, we promulgated a Development Blueprint for the next decade, outlining our aspiration to become a University of Education and to extend our scope of educational and research activities, our footprint and our academic impact within the Asia-Pacific Region. NEW double space

8. Do not use periods with web addresses in text or in the reference list In text: include URL in parentheses, avoid ending a sentence with a URL Example: The APA (http://www.apa.org) has updated the rules of publication style in July 2009, with expanded discussions on ethics … Horton, M. (2009, September 9). H1N1 prevention tips by Dr. Mark Horton [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UT2BGE_XyIY NEW Writing Style

9. Citing References Allows you to use other people’s work by giving credit to the original author without plagiarizing Provide documentation for all facts and figures that are not common knowledge Strengthens your work by lending outside support to your arguments Provides the source information for others who wants to find out more about your ideas Accurately prepared references help establish your credibility as a careful researcher Out of order/incomplete citations cause inaccurate citation network indexing

10. Citing References in Text References are cited in text with author-date system and listed alphabetically in the reference list Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text Two kinds of material are cited only in text 1.Classical works: Bible, Qu’ran e.g. (2 Cor. 5:17 New International Version) (Qur’an 5:3-4) 2.Personal communications (non-recoverable data) e.g. B. H. Philips (personal communication, May 11, 2001)

11. Citing Works by Multiple Authors 2 Authors Cite both authors every time Smith and Johnson (1998) found that the system … The findings confirmed with previous study (Smith & Johnson, 1998) 3-5 Authors First citation: Cheung, Li, Searle, Chan, and Frazer (1996) reviewed the theory of … Subsequent citations: Cheung et al. (1996) further developed a measuring system … 6 or more Authors Use et al. (not italicized) for the first and subsequent citations Kohn et al. (2007) suggested the possible causes …

12. Reference Lists Arrange by authors in Alphanumerical Order Each reference cited in text must appear in the reference list Each entry in the reference list must be cited in text Entire Book Damrosch, D. (2003). What is world literature? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Edited Book Ercikan, K., & Roth, W-M. (Eds.). (2009). Generalizing from educational research: Beyond qualitative and quantitative polarization. New York, NY: Routledge. Book Chapter Tian, C. (2009). Development of dialectical materialism in China. In B. Mou (Ed.), History of Chinese philosophy (pp.512-538). London, England: Routledge.

13. Publication Place Include the state abbreviation (e.g., New York, NY) for all cities of United States Include the Country for all locations outside United States Coles-Ritchie, M. (2009). Inciting change in secondary English language programs : The case of Cherry High School. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Haughey, J. C. (2009). Where is knowing going? : The horizons of the knowing subject. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Hardman, A. E., & Stensel, D. J. (2009). Physical activity and health : the evidence explained. (2nd ed.). London, England: Routledge. Aw, T. (2009). Map of the invisible world. Toronto, Canada: McClelland & Stewart. NEW

14. Non-English Publications Give original title, and translate title into English with brackets Sack, F. (2006). Das offene Haus: für eine neue Architektur [Open house: towards a new]. Berlin, Germany: Jovis. Ye, Q., Li, B., & Cheng, J. (2006). 20 世纪西方人生哲学 [The western philosophy of life of 20th century]. Beijing, China: Remin Chubanshe. Hiraishi, N., & Kim, T. (2007). 知識人から考える公共性 [Publicness from the perspective of intellectuals]. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo University Press.

15. Journal Articles Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of journal, vol (issue), pp-pp. Retain the hyphen if the author’s first name is hyphenated Hue, M.-T. (2009). Promotion of spiritual development: exploration of the self and spiritualism through the practice of Chinese calligraphy. Pastoral Care in Education, 27, 63-76. Include the issue no. if the journal is paginated by issue Bill, M., & Emmy, M. (2008). Writing tutors in the economics classroom: A case study. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 38(3), 21-36.

16. Publications by Multiple Authors NEW Up to 7 Authors: List all authors Tiihonen, J., Lönnqvist, J., Wahlbeck, K., Klaukka, T., Niskanen, L., Tanskanen, A., & Haukka, J. (2009). 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet, 374, 620-627. More than 7 Authors 1.List the first six authors 2.Omit all subsequent authors except the last & replaced with … 3.List the last author

17. Seedat, S., Scott, K. M., Angermeyer, M. C., Berglund, P., Bromet, E. J., Brugha, T. S.,... Kessler, R. C. (2009). Cross-National Associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 785-795. List the first 6 and the last author An article with 21 authors

18. References of Electronic Resources Use Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), when available, to replace as persistent and reliable links to locate sources (for both print & electronic sources) If DOI unavailable, use home page URL of the source If the item cannot be easily retrieved from the source, use the full document URL (e.g. blog) Retrieval dates no longer required unless the source material may change over time (e.g. Wikis) Database information not required NEW

19. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Unique identification of electronic publication An alphanumeric string assigned by registration agency Persistent link to its location on the Internet Format: 10.xxxx/xxxx (e.g. 10.1080/02607470903220398) Links to the document by DOI resolver provided by the registration agency, e.g. CrossRef.org

20. DOI

21. DOI Resolver Locate the electronic publication with DOI resolver 1.Crossref.orghttp://www.crossref.orghttp://www.crossref.org 2.Append the doi string to http://dx.doi.org/ e.g. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02607470903220497http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02607470903220497 3. 中文 DOIhttp://www.chinadoi.cn/http://www.chinadoi.cn/

22. Electronic Journal Articles Journal article with DOI Bore, A., & Wright, N. (2009). The wicked and complex in education: developing a transdisciplinary perspective for policy formulation, implementation and professional practice. Journal of Education for Teaching, 35, 241-256. doi:10.1080/02607470903091286 Journal article without DOI Dresser, R. (2007). The effects of teacher inquiry in the bilingual language arts classroom. Teacher Education Quarterly, 34(3), 53-66. Retrieved from http://www.teqjournal.org/ Advance online publication with DOI Guerra, S. (2009). Colonizing bodies: Corporate power and biotechnology in young adult science fiction. Journal Children‘s Literature in Education. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1007/s10583-009-9086-z

23. Dissertation or Theses, from a Commercial Database Include Name of Database, and Accession or Order No. Ko, B. (2008). An examination of teaching practices of elementary physical educators. (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (Pub No. AAT 3332216)

24. Dissertation or Theses, from an Institutional database Include URL of the database source Huang, J. (2009). Interactive integration: English language learning strategies, styles and tasks in a school in Fujian. (Doctoral thesis, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/

25. Dissertation or Theses, from the web Include URL of the source Xu, Z. (2008). Party controls in National Central University and Nanjing University before and after 1949. (Master thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from http://www.library.ln.edu.hk/ethesis/full/xu_081015.pdf

26. Unpublished Dissertation or Theses Li, X. (2009). POMDP compression and decomposition via belief state analysis. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.

27. Meetings & Symposia Paper presentation or poster session Sin, K. F. (2008, March). Education reform and teacher education for inclusion in the Asian-Pacific region. Paper presented at the 1st East-Asian Symposium on Teacher Education Research, Tokyo, Japan. Conference paper abstract retrieved online Beauchamp, C., & Thomas, L. (2006, November). Becoming a professional: Developing teacher identity within programmes of teacher education. Paper presented at the International Conference on Teacher Education, Calgary, Canada. Abstract retrieved from http://ucalgarymcgilledconf.mcgill.ca/ abstracts/beauchamp_thomas.html

28. Newspaper Articles Newspaper article Cheng, A. (2009, September 23). Education system fails those most in need. South China Morning Post, p. EDT12. Online newspaper article To avoid nonworking URLS, give the home page URL Andrew, E. L. (2009, April 19). U.S. May Convert Banks’ Bailouts to Equity Share. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com NEW

29. Reviews Review of a Book Include the author names after the book title Fairbrother, G. P. (2009). [Review of the book Cultural exclusion in China: State education, social mobility and cultural difference, by L. Yi]. Comparative Education Review, 53, 453-455. Review of a Video Include the year of release after the title Robinson, P. J. (2009). Improving outcomes for alcohol interventions: Integrating motivational interviewing into assessment [Review of the DVD Assessing Alcohol Problems Using Motivational Interviewing, produced by the American Psychological Association, 2008]. PsycCRITIQUES, 54(4). NEW

30. Audiovisual Media Video Milchan A., & Reuther, S. (Producer). (1998). The client. [DVD]. Music Recordings Ma, Y. Y. (2007). New impossibilities [CD]. New York, NY: Sony Classical. Podcast Passmore, S. (2009, September 8). Naked Cantonese [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://podcast.rthk.org.hk/podcast/item.php?pid=45 NEW

31. Blogs, Newsgroups, Online Forums Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. [Description of form]. Retrieved from URL Blog post McAdoo, T. (2009, September 10). Use of first person in APA style [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/09/use-of-first- person-in-apa-style.html Video post Whitehouse. (2009, September 8). President Obama's Message for America's Students [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ZZ6GrzWkw0 NEW

32. Blogs, Newsgroups, Online Forums Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. [Description of form]. Retrieved from URL Newsgroup post Faruk. (2009, October 2). Brain development [Newsgroup message]. Retrieved from http://groups.google.com/group/de.test/browse_thread/thread/8fff31276ed86b36/ 9d962272cb18d615?q=childhood+development Online forum Jenn. (2009, February 14). Re: Dyslexic Student and Memorizing his Multiplication Facts [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://ldonline.org/xarbb/topic/15298#89028 NEW

33. Bibliographic Management Tools RefWorks Tools > Output Style Manager > Select APA 6th > Add to Favorites

34. Bibliographic Management Tools EndNote Download & Install the APA 6th Style Update Package http://www.endnote.com/support/enapa6instruct.asp

35. Bibliographic Management Tools EndNote Web Format > Bibliography > Customize this list > Select APA 6th > Copy to Favorites

36. Thank You For any queries Ask your Librarian @ Information Counter Tel: 2948 6653 Email: libinfo@ied.edu.hklibinfo@ied.edu.hk