1. Alejandra Zelaya Gabriela Zaldívar

2. Central planning Role of Gosplan Features of the Five-years plan Foreign involvement. ORGANIZATION OF THE FIVE- YEAR PLANS

3. Central Planning  New base of soviet economy.  State decided what would be produced and where it would be allocated.  Targets to reach!

4. Role of Gosplan  Set up in 1921  Calculate figure for targets.

5. Features of the Five-Year plans  Develop heavy industry in order to improve conditions.  “Autarky”  Plans always a year ahead.  New industrial centers E.g, Magnitorsk

6. Foreign involvement  Great involvement of foreign companies  Factor: Great depression  Henry Ford  Create of Hope

7. First-1928-1932 Second-1933-1937 Third- 1938-1941 EVALUATION OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS

8. Evaluation 1928-1932  Emphasized heavy industry  New tractors.= mechanization  Weakness in other sectors Actual output in 1927-19281932-33 targets in first version of plan1932-33 targets in optimum version of plan Coal (million tons)356875 Iron ore61519 steel4810

9. Evaluation 1933-1937  Emphasize in communications (railways)  Big projects such as Dniemprostroi dam  41/2 thousand enterprises.

10. Evaluation 1938-1941  Carried for only 31/2 years.  Entry to 2 nd World War.  Emphasize in weapons.

11. Reaction Role of women Expansion of the labour force Positives and negatives THE IMPACT ON THE WORKERS

12. Reaction  Working class and young workers enthusiastic.  Volunteers for long-distance projects  Dislike of NEP  Attractive rewards.

13. Role of women  New labour source!  10 million women entered workforce.  Good at teaching and medicine.  1930’s= 44% of workforce  HOWEVER there was great inequality.

14. Expansion of the labour force  Requirement of the five-years plan.  Creation of proletariat of workers.  Peasants forced to become workers.  Less than 7% of workers where skilled

15. Problems within labour force and measures introduced  Reward payments. (bonuses.  Motivation for workers such as honors.  Training programs unsuccessful.  Propaganda to encourage productivity. Soviet propaganda poster, In the struggle for Fuel and Metal produced in 1933. With the aim of spurring the workers to fulfill the five year plans.

16. Case Study: Alexei Stakhanov  Did a record on coal extraction 1935.  Started the “Stakhanovite movement”  New inspiration for workers, since they where able to see the great reward

17. Pressure of the managers  Labour shortages.  Raw material shortages.  Competition of military spending.

18. Impact on urban living standards  Not managed to improve living conditions.  Lack of consumer goods and food being rationed.  Consumption decline.  Cities growing with 200,000 people per MONTH.  “Life has become better, comrades, life has become more joyous”-Stalin

19. Case Study: Magnitogorsk  Mining industrial city  Created from scratch.  Iron and steel work.  Stalin’s objective

20. How successful were the Five-year plans for industry? SuccessfulNot successful  Achieved substantial growth of heavy industry.  Comparing to 1928 conditions USSR was looking better.  Clearly set the priorities necessary for the circumstances it had.  Targets achieved through bribery, corruption, major shortages and poor product quality.  Overcrowding increased due to peasant movement.  # major industries still behind.