1. Metric – Science and Measurement
Applied Chemistry 4.0

2. I. Science
A branch of knowledge built over many years from scientists following a specific method.
Three Main Branches:
Life Science (Biology)
Physical Science (Chemistry/Physics)
Earth Science (Environmental)

3. B. Chemistry is the study of matter and its composition, structure, property, and changes.
Chemistry is a central science because it overlaps so many sciences.
Pure chemistry: used for research
Applied chemistry: used in ordinary people’s lives.

4. II. Scientific Method
Series of steps used to find a solution to a problem.
Steps
Observe and consider a problem
Form a hypothesis
Design an experiment
Perform an experiment
Collect and Analyze Data
Summarize the Results
Example: Milk Lab

5. Experimental Design
Observations: Things you experience through your senses or aided by technology.
Qualitative: descriptive - color, shape, size
Quantitative: can be measured
(a number + unit)

6. Experimental Design (cont.)
Hypothesis: testable statement
Experiment: tests a hypothesis
Natural Law: describes how nature behaves
Theory: explains why nature behaves the way it does

7. Measurement & Calculations
International System of Measurement (SI) Modern Metric System
Based upon multiples of 10
7 metric units are base units

8. Origin of the Metric System
During the18th century scientists measured the distance from the earth’s equator to the North Pole and divided it into ten million parts.
This number is equal to exactly 1 meter.

9. Metric Units Mass gram g balance Length meter m ruler
Volume liter L graduated cylinder
Time second s clock
Temperature Kelvin K Celsius °C thermometer

10. The Meter
The original standard for the meter was kept in a safe in France.
The meter stick is a replica of that standard.
A meter is made up of 100 centimeters and 1000 millimeters.
Lasers are now used to determine the standard for a meter.

11. The Gram Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
1 cm3 of water = 1 gram.
The standard kilogram is kept under lock and key in Washington, DC and other cities around the world.

12. Metric Prefixes used before a unit to make it smaller or larger
Mega- M 1,000,000
Kilo- k 1000
Hecto- h 100
Deka- da 10
BASE UNIT
Deci- d 0.1
Centi- c 0.01
Milli- m
Micro µ
Nano n
Pico- p

13. 1 mL = 1 cm3 Metric Conversions kg hg dag g dg cg mg km hm dam m dm cm
BASE UNIT kg hg
dag g dg cg mg km hm
dam m dm cm mm kL hL
daL L dL cL mL
1 mL = 1 cm3

14. How to use a ruler
3.97 cm
7.15 cm

15. How to use a graduated cylinder
Read the
meniscus

16. How to use a graduated cylinder
36.4 mL
19.0 mL
6.25 mL

17. How to read a triple beam balanceg
Ohaus Triple Beam Balance Tutorial
Reading A Triple Beam Balance Tutorial

18. How to read a triple beam balanceg
Ohaus Triple Beam Balance Tutorial
Reading A Triple Beam Balance Tutorial

19. Equations Involving Metrics
Area = Length x Width = L x W
Unit: m2 or cm2
Volume = Length x Width x Height = L x W x H
SI unit: m3 or cm3 non-SI unit: L
1 cm3 = 1 mL
Density = Mass
Volume
-unit: g/cm3 or g/mL mL M
D V

20. Density Column

21. Density

22. Density of an Irregular solid:
1- Find the mass of the object
2- Find the volume if the
object by water displacement!

23. Density Problems 2.70 g/mL D =
Calculate the density of a g sample that has a volume of 4.65 mL. m
12.55 g
D =
2.70 g/mL = = V
4.65 mL

24. Density Problems
What is the mass of a 2.73-cm3 sample of silver with a density of g/cm3?
m =
D x V =
10.49 g/cm3
2.73 cm3 x
28.64 g
m =

25. Density Problems
A g sample of silicon has a density of 2.34 g/cm3. Calculate the volume of this sample of silicon. m
39.46 g
16.86 cm3
V = = = D
2.34 g/cm3

26. 4. You were given the densities of 3 liquids below
4. You were given the densities of 3 liquids below. Write the letter in the appropriate layer in the container below.
Liquid
Density (g/mL) A
0.785 B
1.25 C
1.00 A C B

27. Important Temperatures
Note: Celsius is not the SI unit for temperature. However, it is most commonly used in laboratories. Kelvin is the SI unit for temperature.
To convert from Celsius to Kelvin add 273
K = °C +273
Freezing Point 32°F 0°C K
Boiling Point 212°F 100°C 373K
Human Body Temp 98.6°F 37°C 310K
Absolute Zero °F -273°C 0K

28. Temperature Scales