1. Foldables Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise. Make the back edge about 5 cm longer than the front edge. 16

2. Foldables Turn the paper so the fold is on the bottom. Then fold it into thirds. 16

3. Foldables Unfold and cut only the top layer along both folds to make three tabs. 16

4. Foldables 16 Label the Foldable as shown.

5. Foldables As you read the chapter, list the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases under the appropriate tab. List some examples of each under the tab also. Read for Main Ideas 16

6. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter Water present (not necessarily visible) in three states of matter A. Solid-________ are as _____ _______ as _______particles -5 states of matter (including neutron star matter) closetogetherpossible -________ are ____ in _____, cannot ______ _______, can only ______ in _____ particlesheldplacechangeposition vibrateplace -_______ _______ _____ of ______ (except _____)highestdensitystatematterwater -has _______ _____ and _______ _______definiteshapedefinitevolume http://www.hickerphoto.com/iceberg-photo-6044-pictures.htm -3 seating arrangements metaphor Solid water is less dense than very cold liquid water because its particles take on the regular, repeating, geometric pattern of a crystal

7. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter B. Liquid-________ are as _____ _______ as _______particlesclosetogetherpossible -________ are ____ ________, but can _____ to ______ ________, and are ____ to ____ (_____) particlesheldtogetherchange positionfreeflow -___-_______ _______ _____ of ______ (except _____)highestdensitystatematterwater -has _______ _______, but __ _______ _____, _______ _____ of ________ definiteshapedefinitevolume http://www.worldofstock.com/closeups/PRE2938.php Particles of a liquid are about as close together as those of a solid, but free to flow (change position) move fluid 2 nd noassumes shapecontainer

8. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter A. States of Matter-Cross-Linked Glue Viscosity Lab A. Safety: 1. Hypothesis:What are the effects of creating cross-linkages between the molecules of a liquid? 2. Prediction: 3. Gather Data: The reagents involved in this lab are of the kind typically found in the home. Use ordinary caution. B. Procedure: 1. Use a 25-mL graduated cylinder to measure out 15 mL of tap water into a test tube. Add about 1 mL Sodium tetraborate (Borax) and shake vigorously. Allow undissolved particles to settle out.

9. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter A. States of Matter-Cross-Linked Glue Viscosity Lab 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 2. In a small beaker, mix thoroughly 20 mL tap water and 20 mL glue. Add 3 drops of food coloring of choice (optional). 3. Decant (pour off) Sodium tetraborate solution into glue/ water mixture and slowly stir for 15-20 seconds. 4. Remove mixture from beaker and knead by hand to desired consistency. 5. Clean Up: Wrap your product in a square of plastic, tie off with rubber band. Clean beaker and stirring rod with water, scrub with paper towel.

10. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter A. States of Matter-Cross-Linked Glue Viscosity Lab 4. Analyze Data: A. Stretchability:Find out what happens when your product is stretched slowly, or stretched quickly. B. Viscosity:Place your product in a funnel and wait to see how long it takes for the first drip to reach the lab table. C. Resilience:Shape your product into a ball and determine its ability to bounce. D. Inflatability:Form your product into a ball around the end of a soda straw and inflate it by gently and slowly blowing into the other end of the straw (you might need to pinch your product together around the straw to prevent the air from leaking out).

11. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter A. States of Matter-Cross-Linked Glue Viscosity Lab 5. Draw Conclusions:What are the effects of creating cross-linkages between the molecules of a liquid? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________

12. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter A. States of Matter-_______ ________ invented the _______ of ___________ of ______ ______ in ____ by adding _____ to the ______ ______ _______ ___________, which made ______ _____ ______, more _______, and more _______ to ________ ______ Charles Goodyear 1800-1860 CharlesGoodyearprocess vulcanizationnaturalrubber1844 sulfurnaturalrubber polymerpolyisoprenenatural rubberharderdurable resistantchemicalattack -____________ is named after the ______ ____ ___ ______ vulcanizationRoman firegodVulcan

13. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter C. Gas-________ are as ___ _____ as _______particlesfarapartpossible Particles of a gas are not held together at all, so they can expand and change density indefinitely, according to temperature and pressure conditions -________ are ___ ____ in _____ or ____ _______, but _____ ______, and are ____ to ____ (_____) particlesnotheldplaceheldtogether movefreely -_______ _______ _____ of ______ (about ______ ______ of ______ or _____ lowestdensitystatematter1/1000density liquidsolid freeflowfluid -__ ________ ______, __ ________ _____, _______ _____ of ________ definiteshapedefinitevolumenoassumesshape container no

14. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter D. Plasma-________ are as ___ _____ as _______particlesfarapartpossible Particles of plasma conduct electricity, but with tremendous resistance, and the friction causes the particles to glow -________ are ___ ____ in _____ or ____ _______, but _____ ______, and are ____ to ____ (_____) particlesnotheldplaceheldtogether movefreely -_______ _______ _____ of ______ (about ______ ______ of ______ or _____ lowestdensitystatematter1/1000 densityliquidsolid freeflowfluid -__ ________ ______, __ ________ _____, _______ _____ of ________ definiteshapedefinitevolumenoassumes shapecontainer no -________ are _______, and _______ _________ particleschargedconductelectricity -____ of all ______ in our _____ ______ and the _______, (in ____, ________, __________ _____, _______ _____, _____ _____, and ______) 99%mattersolarsystem universestarslightningfluorescentlights halogenlightsneon lightsauroras St. Elmo’s Fire is an example of a plasma. What is St. Elmo’s Fire?

15. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State-in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from _____ to _____, ______, called the ____ of ______ must be _______ to ________ _________ between _______ called ____________ ______, which ____ ________ of a _____ _______ and ____ the _______ in _____ changestatesolid liquidenergyheatfusion suppliedovercomeattractions particlesintermolecularforces holdparticlessolidtogetherhold particlesplace melting

16. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State-in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from _____ to _____, ______, called the ____ of ______ must be _______ so that ________ ____ _____, ______ ____ _____, and _____ ______ _______, so that ____________ ______ can ____ the _______ _______ and ____ the ________ in _____ changestate solid liquid energyheatfusion removedparticlesslowdowncollide lessoftenmoveclosertogether intermolecularforcesholdparticles togetherholdparticlesplace fusion (freezing)

17. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State-in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from _____ to ___, ______, called the ____ of __________ must be _______ to ________ ____________ ______ which ____ ________ of a _____ _______ but __ ___ ____ the _______ in _____ changestateliquid gasenergyheatvaporization suppliedovercomeintermolecular forcesholdparticlesliquidtogether holdparticlesplacedonot vaporization (evaporation)

18. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State-in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from ___ to _____, the ____ of ___________ must be _______ so that ________ ____ _____, ______ ____ _____, and _____ ______ _______, so that ____________ ______ can ____ the _______ _______, but ___ ____ the ________ in _____ changestategas liquidheatvaporization removedparticlesslowdowncollide lessoftenmoveclosertogether intermolecularforcesholdparticles togetherholdparticlesplacenot condensation

19. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State-a ______ in _____ _______ from _____ to ___ is called __________, and tends to _____ in _______ with ____ ____ ____________ ______, like __ or ____ changestatedirectly sublimation -_______ in ____ are _______ _______ solidgas sublimationoccur particlesveryweakintermolecularforces I2I2 CO 2 changesstatephysicalchanges

20. Solids, Liquids, & Gases III. Properties of Fluids A. Behavior of Gases Fahrenheit freezing point of water, 32°F boiling point of water, 212°F 180°F Celsius freezing point of water, 0°C boiling point of water, 100°C 100°C V1V1 V2V2 ___ = T1T1 T2T2 °F +180°F K=°C+273 = 100°C 32 9 5 °F +9°F= 5°C 32 1 L V2V2 ___ = 22°C 0°C _____ V2V2 =0 L? V1V1 V2V2 ___ = T1T1 T2T2 1 L V2V2 ___ = 22°C -11°C _____ V2V2 =-0.5 L? Since we can’t divide by zero, and we can’t have negative volumes, we need a temperature scale without a zero or negative values Kelvin freezing point of water, 273 K boiling point of water, 373 K 100 K absolute zero, 0 K, -273°C °C ( ) ( )

21. Solids, Liquids, & Gases III. Properties of Fluids A. Behavior of Gases Kelvin freezing point of water, 273 K boiling point of water, 373 K 100 K absolute zero, 0 K, -273°C solid CO 2 (dry ice), -78°C, 195 K liquid N 2, -210°C, 63 K liquid He, -269°C, 4 K Dry ice, or solid Carbon dioxide, has a temperature of -109.3°F. What is the equivalent temperature of dry ice in °C? Liquid Nitrogen has a temperature of -210°C. What is the equivalent temperature of liquid Nitrogen in Kelvin? Liquid Helium, the coldest substance on Earth, has a temperature of -452.2°F. What is the equivalent temperature of liquid Helium in Kelvin? -109.3°F+ 9°F = 5°C 32 °C=-78°C K=-210°C+273K=63 K -452.2°F+ 9°F = 5°C 32 °C=-269°C K= +273K=4 K ( ) °C ( )

22. Solids, Liquids, & Gases III. Properties of Fluids A. Behavior of Gases-_________ _____ is the _______ possible theoretical temperature, equal to _________, and is the ___________ at which the ________ of a sample of gas is _____, and all _______, _________ movement of particles ______ absolutezerolowest -273.15°C volume temperature zero randomBrownian ceases -the coldest ______ temperature is ______, or _________, the temperature of ______ _______ actual4.22 K -268.78°C liquid Helium V1V1 V2V2 ___ = T1T1 T2T2 1 L V2V2 ___ = 295 K 0 K _____ V2V2 =0 L William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) (1824-1907)

23. Solids, Liquids, & Gases III. Properties of Fluids A. Behavior of Gases 1. What is the equivalent temperature of 37°C in Kelvin? 2. What is the equivalent temperature of 68°F in Celsius? 3. What is the equivalent temperature of 90°F in Kelvin? K=37°C+273K=310 K 4. What is the equivalent temperature of -20°C in Kelvin? 68°F+ 9°F = 5°C 32 °C=20°C ( ) °C 90°F+ 9°F = 5°C 32 °C=32°C K= +273K=305 K ( °C ) K=-20°C+273K=253 K

24. Solids, Liquids, & Gases III. Properties of Fluids A. Behavior of Gases 5. What is the equivalent temperature of 202°C in Fahrenheit? °F+ 9°F = 5°C 32 °F=396°F ( ) 202°C 6. What is the equivalent temperature of 0 K in Fahrenheit? 0 K= °C+273°C=-273°C °F+ 9°F = 5°C 32 °F=-459°F ( ) -273°C 7. What is the equivalent temperature of 1535°C in Fahrenheit? °F+ 9°F = 5°C 32 °F=2795°F ( ) 1535°C

25. Solids, Liquids, & Gases III. Properties of Fluids A. Behavior of Gases 8. What is the equivalent temperature of 50°F in Celsius? 50°F+ 9°F = 5°C 32 °C=10°C ( ) °C 9. What is the equivalent temperature of 100 K in Celsius? 100 K= °C+273 °C=-173°C 10. What is the equivalent temperature of 500 K in Fahrenheit? 500 K= °C+273°C=227°C °F+ 9°F = 5°C 32 °F=441°F ( ) 227°C