1. Health and safety in construction
Standards Unit Logo with title Health and safety in construction

2. Health and Safety
This presentation covers the following aspects of health and safety in construction.
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
Accidents at work
First aid
Fire
Electricity
Description of the content of all the slides in this presentation, there are 61 slides altogether.
Title
Health and Safety
This presentation covers the following aspects of health and safety in construction:
Accidents at work
First aid
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
Fire
Electricity
Noise
Safety Signs
Noise
Safety signs

3. Objectives 1 By the end of this section you will:
recognise that accidents are ‘serious stuff’;
know how to prevent accidents at work;
complete an accident form;
know what you have to do about first aid at work;
do the right thing in reporting injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences;
The objectives of the presentation are covered on the following two screens
Title
Objectives 1
By the end of this section you will:
recognise that accidents are ‘serious stuff’;
know how to prevent accidents at work;
complete an accident form;
know what you have to do about first aid at work;
do the right thing in reporting injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences;

4. Objectives 2 know the causes of fire;
recognise the right kind of fire extinguishers for different types of fires;
appreciate the dangers of electricity;
be aware of the effects of excessive noise in the workplace;
recognise the main types of safety signs used in the construction industry;
appreciate how safety signs are used to help prevent accidents.
Objectives of the presentation continued
Title
Objectives 2
know the causes of fire;
recognise the right kind of fire extinguishers for different types of fires;
appreciate the dangers of electricity;
be aware of the effects of excessive noise in the workplace;
recognise the main types of safety signs used in the construction industry;
appreciate how safety signs are used to help prevent accidents.

5. Introduction to health and safety
Some facts about the health and safety record in the UK construction industry.
13,000 accidents are reported each year in the construction industry.
These cause death, major injury or more than three days’ absence from work.
About 140 accidents annually result in fatality - that averages almost three deaths every week!
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Introduction to health and safety
Some facts about the health and safety record in the UK construction industry.
13,000 accidents are reported each year in the construction industry.
These cause death, major injury or more than three days’ absence from work.
About 140 accidents annually result in fatality - that averages almost three deaths every week!

6. Accidents What is an accident? Definitions:
An accident is an unforeseen, unplanned and uncontrolled event.
An accident is an unfortunate event resulting especially from carelessness or ignorance.
Outcomes of accidents:
Accidents lead to injury to persons, damage to plant (machinery/equipment) or other losses.
Some accidents lead to serious injury, fatality or serious damage to property.
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Accidents
What is an accident?
Definitions:
An accident is an unforeseen, unplanned and uncontrolled event.
An accident is an unfortunate event resulting especially from carelessness or ignorance.
Outcomes of accidents:
Accidents lead to injury to persons, damage to plant (machinery/equipment) or other losses.
Some accidents lead to serious injury, fatality or serious damage to property.

7. What causes accidents?
According to Health and Safety Executive reports, the main causes of accidents are:
falling through fragile roofs and roof lights;
falling from ladders, scaffolds and other workplaces;
being struck by excavators, lift trucks or dumpers;
overturning vehicles;
being crushed by collapsing structures.
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What causes accidents?
According to the Health and Safety Executive reports, the main causes of accidents are:
falling through fragile roofs and roof lights;
falling from ladders, scaffolds and other workplaces;
being struck by excavators, lift trucks or dumpers;
overturning vehicles;
being crushed by collapsing structures.

8. Accidents – cost to employers
Accidents can cost employers serious money, for example, through:
increased insurance premiums;
fines;
compensation claims;
damage to property or machinery – replacement costs;
loss of production – time;
loss of the employee’s time.
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Accidents – cost to employers
Accidents can cost employers serious money, for example, through:
increased insurance premiums;
fines;
compensation claims;
damage to property or machinery – replacement costs;
loss of production – time;
loss of the employee’s time.

9. Accidents – cost to employees
Individual employees can suffer:
death;
serious injury;
pain and/or long-term suffering;
disability.
Money can also be lost through employees being absent from work (the site may be closed for an investigation) or personal injury prevents employees from being able to work.
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Accidents – cost to employees
Individual employees can suffer:
death;
serious injury;
pain and/or long term suffering;
disability.
Money can also be lost through employees being absent from work (the site may be closed for an investigation) or personal injury prevents employees from being able to work.

10. Accidents - reporting The law requires us to report accidents.
All accidents need to be reported and entered into the Accident Book.
Serious accidents and those where employees are absent as a result of an accident for more than three days must be reported to the Enforcing Authority (Health and Safety Executive).
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Accidents – reporting
The law requires us to report accidents.
All accidents need to be reported and entered into the Accident Book.
Serious accidents and those where employees are absent as a result of an accident for more than three days must be reported to the Enforcing Authority (Health and Safety Executive).

11. Preventing accidents - summary
All employees can help prevent accidents by:
following the training and instructions given;
following the employer’s workplace procedures;
reporting hazardous situations;
keeping the workplace clean and tidy;
not fooling around at work;
using common sense and being alert;
asking when unsure of what to do or how to do something.
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Preventing accidents - summary
All employees can help prevent accidents by:
following the training and instructions given;
following the employer’s workplace procedures;
reporting hazardous situations;
keeping the workplace clean and tidy;
not fooling around at work;
using common sense and being alert;
asking when unsure of what to do or how to do something.

12. Health and safety in construction First aid
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Section title
Health and safety in construction
First aid

13. First aid An employer has to make adequate first aid arrangements to:
treat employees and others who are injured or become ill at work;
appoint a first aider(s), depending on the number of employees;
assess the risk involved in the workplace;
nominate an ‘appointed person’ to take charge where the risk is low and/or there are a few employees.
Most large companies have first aiders and appointed persons.
Title
First aid
An employer has to make adequate first aid arrangements to:
treat employees and others who are injured or become ill at work;
appoint a first aider(s), depending on the number of employees;
assess the risk involved in the workplace;
nominate an ‘appointed person’ to take charge where the risk is low and/or there are a few employees.
Most large companies have first aiders and appointed persons.

14. First aid – the kit A basic first aid kit should contain:
20 x individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings (6)
2 x sterile eye pads
6 x individually wrapped triangular bandages (2)
6 x safety pins (2)
6 x medium-sized, wrapped sterile un-medicated wound dressings
2 x large-sized, wrapped sterile un-medicated wound dressings (1)
3 x extra large-sized, wrapped sterile un-medicated wound dressings
1 x guidance leaflet First Aid at Work (1)
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First aid – the kit
A basic first aid kit should contain:
20 x individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings (6)
2 x sterile eye pads
6 x individually wrapped triangular bandages (2)
6 x safety pins (2)
6 x medium-sized, wrapped sterile un-medicated wound dressings
2 x large-sized, wrapped sterile un-medicated wound dressings (1)
3 x extra large-sized, wrapped sterile un-medicated wound dressings
1 x guidance leaflet First Aid at Work (1)
(numbers in brackets apply to travelling first aid kits)
(numbers in brackets apply to travelling first aid kits)

15. First aid – do you know?
It is important that all employees know about first aid arrangements in the workplace.
Employers have to make these arrangements known to employees by:
putting up notices to tell employees where the first aid kit is;
saying who and where the first aider or appointed person is.
Ask yourself:
Do you know where your own workplace first aid kit is?
Do you know who your appointed first aider is?
Title
First aid – do you know?
It is important that all employees know about first aid arrangements in the workplace.
Employers have to make these arrangements known to employees by:
putting up notices to tell employees where the first aid kit is;
saying who and where the first aider or appointed person is.
Ask yourself:
Do you know where your own workplace first aid kit is?
Do you know who your appointed first aider is?

16. First aid - summary
There are over 13,000 accidents reported each year in construction.
The majority of these could easily have been prevented by employers and operatives following basic safety procedures.
An employer has to provide first aid materials to deal with minor injuries or conditions such as cuts, fractures and burns.
If you follow safe working procedures, you can make a difference.
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First aid - summary
There are over 13,000 accidents reported each year in construction.
The majority of these could easily have been prevented by employers and operatives following basic safety procedures.
An employer has to provide first aid materials to deal with minor injuries or conditions such as cuts, fractures and burns.
If you follow safe working procedures, you can make a difference.

17. Health and safety in construction RIDDOR
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Section title
Health and safety in construction
RIDDOR
RIDDOR stands for The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations

18. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
The RIDDOR regulations are all about reporting accidents. They cover:
deaths and major injuries;
incapacity to work for more than three days;
specified diseases;
dangerous occurrences or near misses.
Any of the above occurrences must be reported to the HSE using the prescribed form.
This is also available on the web at:
Title
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
The RIDDOR regulations are all about reporting accidents. They cover:
deaths and major injuries;
incapacity to work for more than three days;
specified diseases;
dangerous occurrences or near misses.
Any of the above occurrences must be reported to the HSE using the prescribed form.
This is also available on the web at:

19. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
It is vital that accurate records are kept of any incident. For example, records may be kept by:
keeping copies of report forms in a filing system;
recording the details on a computer;
keeping a written log in a notebook.
If you choose to report the incident by telephone or through the website, the Incident Contact Centre will post you back a copy of the record held.
You will be able to make amendments to the record if you feel the report is not fully accurate.
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The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
It is vital that accurate records are kept of any incident. For example, records may be kept by:
keeping copies of report forms in a filing system;
recording the details on a computer;
keeping a written log in a notebook.
If you choose to report the incident by telephone or through the website, the Incident Contact Centre will post you back a copy of the record held.
You will be able to make amendments to the record if you feel the report is not fully accurate.

20. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
The RIDDOR regulations include the following personnel:
employers;
employees;
self-employed persons;
trainees;
other people injured on employer’s premises such as visitors.
Title
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
The RIDDOR regulations include the following personnel:
employers;
employees;
self-employed persons;
trainees;
other people injured on employer’s premises such as visitors.

21. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
Examples of major injuries include:
any fracture, other than to the fingers, thumbs or toes;
amputation of any limb;
dislocation of the shoulder, hip, knee or spine;
loss of sight or penetrating eye injury.
Title
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
Examples of major injuries include:
any fracture, other than to the fingers, thumbs or toes;
amputation of any limb;
dislocation of the shoulder, hip, knee or spine;
loss of sight or penetrating eye injury.

22. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
Examples of serious conditions include:
certain eye injuries;
electric shock requiring attention;
unconsciousness through lack of oxygen;
decompression sickness;
poisoning;
acute illness due to exposure of certain materials;
hospitalisation for more than 24 hours.
Title
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
Examples of serious conditions include:
certain eye injuries;
electric shock requiring attention;
unconsciousness through lack of oxygen;
decompression sickness;
poisoning;
acute illness due to exposure of certain materials;
hospitalisation for more than 24 hours.

23. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
Examples of reportable diseases include:
certain poisonings;
some skin diseases such as occupational dermatitis and skin cancer;
lung diseases including occupational asthma, farmer's lung, pneumoconiosis, asbestosis;
infections such as: hepatitis, tuberculosis, anthrax, legionellosis and tetanus;
other conditions such as: occupational cancer, decompression illness and hand-arm vibration syndrome.
Title
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
Examples of reportable diseases include:
certain poisonings;
some skin diseases such as occupational dermatitis and skin cancer;
lung diseases including: occupational asthma, farmer's lung, pneumoconiosis, asbestosis;
infections such as: hepatitis, tuberculosis, anthrax, legionellosis and tetanus;
other conditions such as: occupational cancer, decompression illness and hand-arm vibration syndrome.

24. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
Examples of reportable occurrences include:
structural collapses such as buildings or scaffolds;
fires and explosions;
release of gases or other dangerous substances;
failure of breathing apparatus while in use;
incidents with dangerous substances in transit;
contact with, or arcing of, overhead cables.
Title
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR)
Examples of reportable occurrences include:
structural collapses such as buildings or scaffolds;
fires and explosions;
release of gases or other dangerous substances;
failure of breathing apparatus while in use;
incidents with dangerous substances in transit;
contact with, or arcing of, overhead cables.

25. RIDDOR - summary The RIDDOR regulations cover:
deaths, major injuries and incapacity to work for more than three days;
specified diseases;
dangerous occurrences or near misses.
And, finally….
keep records of all reports;
remember RIDDOR involves everyone at work.
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RIDDOR - Summary
The RIDDOR regulations cover:
deaths, major injuries and incapacity to work for more than three days;
specified diseases;
dangerous occurrences or near misses.
And, finally….
keep records of all reports;
remember RIDDOR involves everyone at work.

26. Health and safety in construction Preventing fire
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Section title
Health and safety in construction
Preventing fire

27. Fire To ignite and burn, a fire needs three elements.
All three elements must be present for a fire to start.
If you remove one element you can put a fire out.
FUEL - can be anything that will burn, e.g. wood, furniture, flammable liquid, gas, etc.
OXYGEN - or air in normal circumstances, will allow a fire to burn.
HEAT - a minimum temperature is needed but a naked flame, match or spark is sufficient to start a fire, especially if in contact with something flammable.
Title
Fire
To ignite and burn, a fire needs three elements.
All three elements must be present for a fire to start.
If you remove one element you can put a fire out.
The three elements are:
FUEL - can be anything that will burn, e.g. wood, furniture, flammable liquid, gas, etc.
OXYGEN - or air in normal circumstances, will allow a fire to burn.
HEAT - a minimum temperature is needed but a naked flame, match or spark is sufficient to start a fire, especially if in contact with something flammable.

28. Reducing fire risk 1
Things that might help reduce the risk of fire being started, or people being harmed if there is a fire, include:
not smoking at work (no smoking areas should be designated);
maintaining all electrical appliances in a safe manner;
good housekeeping, being tidy;
removing combustible materials outside to a safe place.
Title
Reducing fire risk 1
Things that might help reduce the risk of fire being started, or people being harmed if there is a fire, include:
not smoking at work (no smoking areas should be designated);
maintaining all electrical appliances in a safe manner;
good housekeeping, being tidy;
removing combustible materials outside to a safe place.

29. Reducing fire risk 2 Help prevent fires by:
not storing highly flammable liquids unless essential;
disposing of cigarettes carefully;
having clearly marked fire points nearby;
having procedures if there is a fire;
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Reducing fire risk 2
Help prevent fires by:
not storing highly flammable liquids unless essential;
disposing of cigarettes carefully;
having clearly marked fire points nearby;
having procedures if there is a fire;

30. Reducing fire risk 3
putting up signs and notices so people know what to do;
having regular evacuation drills;
keeping fire exits clear;
testing fire alarms frequently.
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Reducing fire risk 3
putting up signs and notices so people know what to do;
having regular evacuation drills;
keeping fire exits clear;
testing fire alarms frequently.

31. Which fire extinguisher?
Different types of fire need a different type of extinguisher.
Never use hose reels, water extinguishers or any other means of extinguishing with water on:
live electrical apparatus;
any fire involving fats, oils or paints;
any metal fire;
anything if there is a risk of electrocution or explosion.
Title
Which fire extinguisher?
Different types of fire need a different type of extinguisher.
Never use hose reels, water extinguishers or any other means of extinguishing with water on:
live electrical apparatus;
any fire involving fats, oils or paints;
any metal fire;
anything if there is a risk of electrocution or explosion.
Graphic image of different types of fire extinguishers available along top and listed down side different fire types A-F and fires involving electrical hazard.

32. In case of fire If a fire does break out, no matter how small:
raise the fire alarm;
call the fire brigade;
close all doors and windows to prevent spread;
leave the building;
always keep between the fire and the way out.
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In case of fire
If a fire does break out, no matter how small:
raise the fire alarm;
call the fire brigade;
close all doors and windows to prevent spread;
leave the building;
always keep between the fire and the way out.

33. Fire - summary
At the end of this presentation you should have learned that:
fire requires three elements – fuel, oxygen, heat - remove one element and the fire will not burn;
all fire extinguishers are colour coded for the type of fire on which they can be used;
reduce fire risk in the first place by keeping a clear and tidy workplace;
know the location of your own workplace fire evacuation procedure;
know how to raise the alarm.
Title
Fire – summary
At the end of this presentation you should have learned that:
fire requires three elements – fuel, oxygen, heat - remove one element and the fire will not burn;
all fire extinguishers are colour coded for the type of fire on which they can be used;
reduce fire risk in the first place by keeping a clear and tidy workplace;
know the location of your own workplace fire evacuation procedure;
know how to raise the alarm.

34. Health and safety in construction Electricity
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Section title
Health and safety in construction
Electricity

35. Working with power - electrical safety
Electricity is a very dangerous form of energy because:
it is invisible;
it can start fires;
it can kill.
In the construction industry about seven people are killed each year by
electrocution.
Many more are seriously injured.
Title
Working with power - electrical safety
Electricity is a very dangerous form of energy because:
it is invisible;
it can start fires;
it can kill.
In the construction industry about seven people are killed each year by electrocution.
Many more are seriously injured.

36. Working with power tools
Some tips for safe use of powered hand tools include:
never tamper with live electrical cables or machinery;
make sure any electrical equipment including power tools are in good condition and safe to work with;
follow the safety procedures;
do not plug in the power tool before checking it out; if you plug in the power tool and there is a fault, you could be seriously injured or killed.
Minor shocks can trigger a secondary accident such as a fall from height.
Title
Working with power tools
Some tips for safe use of powered hand tools include:
never tamper with live electrical cables or machinery;
make sure any electrical equipment including power tools are in good condition and safe to work with;
follow the safety procedures;
do not plug in the power tool before checking it out; if you plug in the power tool and there is a fault, you could be seriously injured or killed.
Minor shocks can trigger a secondary accident such as a fall from height.

37. Working with power tools
Before use always check the body of the power tool:
is it clean?
is it dry?
does it have a Portable Appliance Test (PAT) label;
no visible cracks;
no loose or missing parts.
Title
Working with power tools
Before use always check the body of the power tool:
is it clean?
is it dry?
Does it have a Portable Appliance Test (PAT) label;
no visible cracks;
no loose or missing parts.

38. Working with power tools
Before use always check the cable of the power tool for:
bare wires;
frayed ends;
cuts or burns;
other obvious damage.
Title
Working with power tools
Before use always check the cable of the power tool for:
bare wires;
frayed ends;
cuts or burns;
other obvious damage.

39. Working with power tools
Before use always check the voltage label of the power tool:
is it 110 volts?
does it have a 110-volt yellow plug?
Before use always check the plug of the power tool for: `
cracks;
loose or misshapen pins.
Title
Working with power tools
Before use always check the voltage label of the power tool:
is it 110 volts?
does it have a 110-volt yellow plug?
Before use always check the plug of the power tool for:
cracks;
loose or misshapen pins.

40. Working with power tools - summary
Don’t forget!
Check the voltage - is it 110 volts, does it have a 110-volt yellow plug?
Are the tool, cable and plug in good condition?
Know how to isolate power in an emergency.
Although there is no set order for checking portable power tools, it is good practice to plan your own procedure.
Get into the habit of checking every powered hand tool before you use it.
Your life may depend on it!
Title
Working with power tools – summary
Don’t forget!
Check the voltage - is it 110 volts, does it have a 110-volt yellow plug?
Are the tool, cable and plug in good condition?
Know how to isolate power in an emergency.
Although there is no set order for checking portable power tools, it is good practice to plan your own procedure.
Get into the habit of checking every powered hand tool before you use it.
Your life may depend on it!

41. Health and safety in construction Noise
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Section title
Health and safety in construction
Noise

42. What is noise? Sound: travels in waves through the air.
Our ears collect sounds, then pass on the information to the brain by pressure vibrating on the ear drum.
Noise is:
any sound, but one that is especially loud, harsh or disagreeable.
We measure noise in Decibels (dB - units of sound).
Title
What is noise?
Sound:
travels in waves through the air.
Our ears collect sounds, then pass on the information to the brain by pressure vibrating on the ear drum.
Noise is:
any sound, but one that is especially loud, harsh or disagreeable.
We measure noise in Decibels (dB - units of sound).

43. How can noise damage our hearing?
How does noise affect us?
Our hearing is sensitive.
When sound levels are too high or prolonged, we slowly damage our hearing.
Over time, the range of sounds we pick up is less and less.
Title
How can noise damage our hearing?
How does noise affect us?
Our hearing is sensitive.
When sound levels are too high or prolonged, we slowly damage our hearing.
Over time, the range of sounds we pick up is less and less.

44. When will noise damage our hearing?
Exposure to loud noise over a period of time.
Constant noise, even at lower levels.
Sudden noise.
Air pressure from an explosion.
These are all dependent on:
the distance between you and the noise source;
the length of time of exposure to the noise;
the personal protective equipment being worn.
Title
When will noise damage our hearing?
Exposure to loud noise over a period of time.
Constant noise, even at lower levels.
Sudden noise.
Air pressure from an explosion.
These are all dependent on:
the distance between you and the noise source;
the length of time of exposure to the noise;
the personal protective equipment being worn.

45. Measuring noise
The Noise at Work Regulations identify three ‘action levels’ or ‘daily personal exposure to noise’:
First action level: 85dB(A)
employee can request and be provided with suitable and efficient personal ear protectors.
Second action level: 90dB(A)
employee is provided with suitable personal ear protectors.
Peak action level: 140dB(A)
employee must wear ear protectors provided.
Title
Measuring noise
The Noise at Work Regulations identify three ‘action levels’ or ‘daily personal exposure to noise’:
First action level: 85dB(A)
employee can request and be provided with suitable and efficient personal ear protectors.
Second action level: 90dB(A)
employee is provided with suitable personal ear protectors.
Peak action level: 140dB(A)
employee must wear ear protectors provided.

46. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Ear protection must be worn where you see this sign.
Title
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Graphic of Ear protection safety sign with caption:
Ear protection must be worn where you see this sign.
Graphic of typical ear defenders with caption:
Typical ear protection.
Typical ear protection.

47. Eliminate, Reduce, Isolate & Control noise
Eliminate noise:
Use different types of tools and materials.
Reduce noise:
Maintain tools, dampen noise with absorbers or buy new with improved sound levels.
Isolate noise:
Use sound barriers, sound insulating separate rooms, etc.
Control noise:
Plan and
establish ‘quiet hours’ and sound level limits.
Title
Eliminate, Reduce, Isolate & Control noise
Eliminate noise:
Use different types of tools and materials.
Reduce noise:
Maintain tools, dampen noise with absorbers or buy new with improved sound levels.
Isolate noise:
Use sound barriers, sound insulating separate rooms, etc.
Control noise:
Plan and establish ‘quiet hours’ and sound level limits.

48. A typical sound level meter
Microphone
Sound level display
On/Off button
Max button
High/Low selection and A or C scale
Title
A typical sound level meter
Graphic image with a typical sound level meter and annotated key parts:
Microphone
Sound level display
Max button
Hold button
High/low scale and A or C scale
On/Off button
Hold button

49. Examples of noise levels at wood machines
Machine Noise level
Sanding machines 97 dB
Boring machines 98 dB
Portable power tools dB
High-speed routers dB
Thicknessers 104 dB
Title
Examples of noise levels at wood machines
Chart displaying sound levels:
Machine Noise level
Sanding machines 97 dB
Boring machines 98 dB
Portable power tools dB
High-speed routers dB
Thicknessers 104 dB

50. Noise levels at work Activity Noise level Bricklayer 83 dB
Carpenter dB
Portable power tools dB
Bench saws 102 dB
Pneumatic drill 110 dB
Cartridge tools dB
Title
Noise levels at work
Chart displaying sound levels
Activity Noise level
Bricklayer dB
Carpenter dB
Portable power tools dB
Bench saws dB
Pneumatic drill 110 dB
Cartridge tools dB

51. Examples of general noise levels
Activity Noise level
Quiet whisper 20dB
Car at 50 km/hour 60dB
Home hi-fi 80dB
Passing tube train 90dB
Nightclub 110dB
Rock concert dB
Title
Examples of general noise levels
Chart displaying typical sound levels
Activity Noise level
Quiet whisper 20 dB
Car at 50 km/hour 60 dB
Home hi-fi 80 dB
Passing tube train 90 dB
Nightclub dB
Rock Concert dB

52. Noise - summary Eliminate noise:
Use different types of tools and materials.
Reduce noise:
Maintain tools, dampen noise with absorbers or buy new with improved sound levels.
Isolate noise:
Use sound barriers and sound insulating separate rooms.
Control noise:
Plan and establish ‘quiet hours’ and sound level limits.
Title
Noise – summary
Eliminate noise:
Use different types of tools and materials.
Reduce noise:
Maintain tools, dampen noise with absorbers or buy new with improved sound levels.
Isolate noise:
Use sound barriers and sound insulating separate rooms.
Control noise:
Plan and establish ‘quiet hours’ and sound level limits.

53. Health and safety in construction Safety signs
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Section title
Health and safety in construction
Safety signs

54. Safety signs and the law
The Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations require employers to provide safety signs to raise awareness of risks to health and safety.
There are four types of safety signs in general use.
Each has a designated shape and colour.
They make sure that information is given in a standard format with minimum use of words.
Title
Safety signs and the Law
The Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations require employers to provide safety signs to raise awareness of risks to health and safety.
There are four types of safety signs in general use.
Each has a designated shape and colour.
They make sure that information is given in a standard format with minimum use of words.

55. Safety signs Remember the general duty of employees:
cooperate with your employer by observing signs;
comply with the law and your employer’s safe systems of work;
make proper and correct use of safety equipment;
don’t tamper with, deface, or remove safety signs.
Title
Safety signs
Remember the general duty of employees:
cooperate with your employer by observing signs;
comply with the law and your employer’s safe systems of work;
make proper and correct use of safety equipment;
don’t tamper with, deface, or remove safety signs.

56. Four types of safety sign
PROHIBITION SIGNS
These mean stop/must not do.
The sign is circular with a white background, black pictogram and red border and crossbar.
All writing is white on a red background.
Look at these examples – can you identify them?
Title
Four types of safety sign
PROHIBITION SIGNS
These signs means stop/must not do.
The sign is circular with a white background, black pictogram and red border and crossbar.
All writing is white on a red background.
Look at these examples – can you identify them?
The slide contains three graphic images of prohibition signs:
White circle with red border and red bar across the image of a lighted cigarette symbol.
White circle with red border and red bar across the image of a fork lift truck.
White circle with red border and red bar across the image of a person holding up their hand to indicate ‘stop’.

57. Four types of safety sign
WARNING SIGNS
These mean there is a risk of danger.
The sign is triangular with a yellow background, black pictogram and black border.
All writing is black on a yellow background.
Look at these examples – can you identify them?
Title
Four types of safety sign
WARNING SIGNS
These mean there is a risk of danger.
The sign is triangular with a yellow background, black pictogram and black border.
All writing is black on a yellow background.
Look at these examples – can you identify them?
The slide contains three graphic images of warning signs:
Yellow triangle with black border containing image of burning fire.
Yellow triangle with black border containing image of acid burning materials and a persons hand.
Yellow triangle with black border containing image of a black cross in the shape of an X.

58. Four types of safety sign
MANDATORY SIGNS
These mean that it must be obeyed.
These signs feature a blue circle with white pictogram.
Any text must be white on a blue background.
Look at these examples – can you identify them?
Title
Four types of safety sign
MANDATORY SIGNS
These mean that it must be obeyed.
These signs feature a blue circle with white pictogram.
Any text must be white on a blue background.
Look at these examples – can you identify them?
The slide contains two graphic images of mandatory signs:
Blue circle with white image of a circular saw blade with the guard raised out of position and the written words underneath stating ‘Guards must be in position before starting’.
Blue circle with white graphic of a persons head wearing ear defenders. Description reads - Ear defenders must be worn.

59. Four types of safety sign
SAFE CONDITION SIGNS
These mean safe place or safe way to go.
These signs are a green rectangle or square with a white pictogram and text.
Look at these examples – can you identify them?
Title
Four types of safety sign
SAFE CONDITION SIGNS
These mean safe place or safe way to go.
These signs are a green rectangle or square with a white pictogram and text.
Look at these examples – can you identify them?
The slide contains three graphic images:
Green rectangle with white arrow and description.
Green rectangle with ‘right tick’ image and words ‘Fire assembly point’.
Green rectangle with white cross image.

60. Safety signs - summary
There are four types of safety signs in general use:
prohibition;
mandatory;
warning;
safe condition.
Each have a designated shape and colour.
If you are unsure about anything, always ASK.
Title
Safety Signs – summary
There are four types of safety signs in general use:
prohibition;
mandatory;
warning;
safe condition.
Each have a designated shape and colour.
If you are unsure about anything, always ASK.