1. Matter

2.  Anything that has mass (grams) and occupies space (volume).  Volume: a measure of the size of a body or region in three dimensional space.  Solid Volume (of a cube or rectangle): Length x width x height cm x cm x cm = cm 3

3. Matter  Liquid volume is found by using a graduated cylinder  Gas volume is the same as the container it fills.

4. Matter  Mass – quantity of matter contained in an object.  Measured on a balance in grams, mg, etc.  WEIGHT is not mass! Weight is the gravitational force exerted on an object! It’s value can change from place to place. MASS is the same everywhere!

5. Matter  Physical property:  A characteristic of a substance that does NOT involve a chemical change  Examples:  Density  Color  Hardness  Mass  Volume

6. Matter Density  Mass and volume depend upon how much substance you have. The relationship between these two properties is called DENSITY.  Density can be used to help identify a substance.

7. Matter Formula for density: Density = Mass = g or g Volume mL cm 3 Also written as: D = m V

8. Matter Classification: All matter is made of atoms. Atom: smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.

9. Matter Two classifications: 1.Pure substances  Can be an element (gold) or a compound (water)  Has definite physical and chemical properties 2.Mixture  A combination of two substances that are NOT chemically combined (rocks and marbles)

10. Matter Element – a pure substance that contain only one kind of atom  Silver  Copper

11. Matter Some elements exist at molecules  Molecule – two or more atoms combined in a definite ratio.  Oxygen: O 2  Ozone: O 3

12. Matter The oxygen molecule and ozone molecule are allotropes Allotrope: a structurally different form of an element  Carbon Pencil Lead Diamonds

13. Matter Compound  Composed of two or more atoms Example: Magnesium Chloride and Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride 1 atom of Cobalt 2 atoms of Chlorine CoCl 2 Magnesium Chloride 1 atom of Magnesium 2 atoms of Chlorine MgCl 2

14. Matter Mixtures  Contain two or more pure substances  Does not always have the same balance of ingredients  Example: air  Contains oxygen, nitrogen, etc.

15. Matter Mixtures: two types 1.Homogeneous: pure substances are mixed evenly throughout 2. Heterogeneous: contains substances that are not evenly mixed Iron and Sulfur Milk

16. Matter Distinguishing mixtures from compounds Compounds: 1. Two or more elements chemically combined 2. Have a definite composition 3. Properties of a compound are different than the properties of the elements that make it up. Mixtures: 1.Two or more substances physically mixed together 2.Substances may be present in varying proportions 3.Properties of the mixture reflect the properties of the substances it contains.