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Page 1 - © Richard L. Goldman IP Address ©Richard L. Goldman January 10, 2002.

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Presentation on theme: "Page 1 - © Richard L. Goldman IP Address ©Richard L. Goldman January 10, 2002."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Page 1 - © Richard L. Goldman IP Address ©Richard L. Goldman January 10, 2002

3 Page 2 - © Richard L. Goldman IP Address An IP address is a 32-bit binary number. 00000000000000000000000000000000 It is made up of four 8-bit binary numbers separated by periods (dotted decimal notation). 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 Each 8-bit binary number is called an octet. The maximum decimal value for each octet is 255. 11111111 2 = 255 10 Each octet is represented with a decimal value from 0to 255 (256 different numbers per octet). 0. 0. 0. 0 to 255.255.255.255

4 Page 3 - © Richard L. Goldman Network and Host Addresses An IP address is divided in to two parts: Network Address: –The Network Address indicates which network the IP address belongs to. –This address is used to route IP datagrams throughout a TCP/IP internetwork. Host Address: –The Host Address indicates which particular device within a specific network the IP address belongs to.

5 Page 4 - © Richard L. Goldman Network/Host Portions The Network Address is always the first part of the IP address followed by the Host Address. The number of digits assigned to the Network and Host portions of the IP address varies depending on the numbers of computers in a network. ???. ???. ???. ??? Host AddressNetwork Address

6 Page 5 - © Richard L. Goldman Large Networks (Class A Networks) Class A networks will have many digits assigned to the Host portion of the IP address. (Leaving only a few digits for the Network portion.) ???. ???. ???. ??? Network AddressHost Address

7 Page 6 - © Richard L. Goldman Medium Sized Networks (Class B Networks) Class B networks will have half of the digits assigned to the Host portion of the IP address. (Leaving half of digits for the Network portion.) ???. ???. ???. ??? Network AddressHost Address

8 Page 7 - © Richard L. Goldman Small Networks (Class C Networks) Class C networks will have only a few digits assigned to the Host portion of the IP address. (Which leaves a lot of digits left for the Network portion.) ???. ???. ???. ??? Network AddressHost Address

9 Page 8 - © Richard L. Goldman Classes IP addresses are divided into classes. The first three classes represent unicast (point-to-point) addresses: Class A Class B Class C The classes are based on the number of host addresses that can be assigned.

10 Page 9 - © Richard L. Goldman Class A Network Address A Class A address uses only the first octet for the network address. The network portion of a Class A address can range from 000 to 126. This gives a maximum of 126 different Class A network addresses. (All 0’s can not be used for a network address because it is a reserved number.) 0. ???. ???. ??? Network AddressHost Address Lowest Number Highest Number 126. ???. ???. ???

11 Page 10 - © Richard L. Goldman Class A Host Address A Class A address uses the last three octets for host addresses. The host portion of a Class A address can range from 000.000.001 to 255.255.254. This gives a maximum of 16,777,214 different host addresses within a single Class A network. ???. 0. 0. 1 Network AddressHost Address Lowest Number Highest Number ???. 255. 255. 254

12 Page 11 - © Richard L. Goldman Class B Network Address A Class B address use the first two octets for network addresses. The network portion of a Class B address can range from 128.000 to 191.255. This gives a maximum of 16,382 different Class B network addresses. 128. 0. ???. ??? Network AddressHost Address Lowest Number Highest Number 191. 255. ???. ???

13 Page 12 - © Richard L. Goldman Class B Host Address A Class B address use the last two octets for host addresses. The host portion of a Class B address can range from 000.001 to 255.254. This gives a maximum of 65,534 different host addresses within a single Class B network. ???. ???. 0. 1 Network AddressHost Address Lowest Number Highest Number ???. ???. 255. 254

14 Page 13 - © Richard L. Goldman Class C Network Address A Class C address use the first three octets for network addresses. The network portion of a Class C address can range from 192.000.000 to 223.255.255. This gives a maximum of 2,097,150 different Class C network addresses. 192. 0. 0. ??? Network AddressHost Address Lowest Number Highest Number 223. 255. 255. ???

15 Page 14 - © Richard L. Goldman Class C Host Address A Class C address uses only the last octet for host addresses. The host portion of a Class C address can range from 001 to 254. This gives a maximum of 254 different host addresses within a single Class C network. ???. ???. ???. 1 Network AddressHost Address Lowest Number Highest Number ???. ???. ???. 254

16 Page 15 - © Richard L. Goldman Other Network Classes Class D addresses designate host nodes that receive broadcast messages (Multicasting). –224 through 239 –Addresses that are in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 225.0.0.0 are experimental, or are reserved for future use and don't define any network. Class E & F addresses are reserved for experimental and future use. –240 through 254

17 Page 16 - © Richard L. Goldman Summary ClassRange (1 st Octet) Max Number of Networks Max Number of Hosts A0-12612616,777,214 B128-19116,38265,534 C192-2232,097,150254 D224-239(Multicasting) E240-254(Research) The network class of an IP address can be determined by noting which range that the first octet falls within.

18 Page 17 - © Richard L. Goldman Special IP Addresses Broadcast (Local network segment only) Reserved Loopback Test 127. 0. 0. 1 0. 0. 0. 0 255.255.255.255

19 Page 18 - © Richard L. Goldman Private Network IP Addresses The IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) has designated the following IP Addresses for use within a private network. Class A: 10. 0. 0. 0 through 10.255.255.255 Class B: 172. 16. 0. 0 through 172. 31.255.255 Class C: 192.168. 0. 0 through 192.168.255.255 External routers should disregard these addresses and not publish their location

20 Page 19 - © Richard L. Goldman Leading Binary Bit(s) of IP Classes ClassBinary A0 B10 C110 D1110 E11110

21 Page 20 - © Richard L. Goldman IP Address Quiz ClassRange# Nets #Hosts A Public 0. 0. 0. 0 – 126.255.255.255126 17M B Public 128. 0. 0. 0 – 191.255.255.255 16K 65K C Public 192. 0. 0. 0 – 223.255.255.255 2M254 D 224. 0. 0. 0 – 239.255.255.255 E 240. 0. 0. 0 – 254.255.255.255 A Private 10. 0. 0. 0 – 10.255.255.255117M B Private 172. 16. 0. 0 – 172. 31.255.2551665K C Private 192.168. 0. 0 – 192.168.255.255256254 Loopback 127. 0. 0. 1 – 127.255.255.255 Broadcast 255.255.255.255 IP Address Review

22 Page 21 - © Richard L. Goldman IP Address Quiz ClassRange# Nets #Hosts A Public B Public C Public D E A Private B Private C Private Loopback Broadcast IP Address Quiz

23 Page 22 - © Richard L. Goldman IP Address Quiz ClassRange# Nets #Hosts A Public 0. 0. 0. 0 – 126.255.255.255126 17M B Public 128. 0. 0. 0 – 191.255.255.255 16K 65K C Public 192. 0. 0. 0 – 223.255.255.255 2M254 D 224. 0. 0. 0 – 239.255.255.255 E 240. 0. 0. 0 – 254.255.255.255 A Private 10. 0. 0. 0 – 10.255.255.255117M B Private 172. 16. 0. 0 – 172. 31.255.2551665K C Private 192.168. 0. 0 – 192.168.255.255256254 Loopback 127. 0. 0. 1 – 127.255.255.255 Broadcast 255.255.255.255 IP Address Quiz Answers

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