2. SOD POWERPOINT Jessica Perry

3. QUESTION Will heat be released during Acid / Base chemical reactions?

4. HYPOTHESIS I hypothesize that some chemical reactions will produce heat and some will not. I think that reactions with stronger chemicals will produce heat.

5. COMPUTER GENERATED PH CHART 14Liquid drain cleaner, Custic Soap Examples of solutions and their respective pH 13bleaches, oven cleaner 12 Soapy water 11 Household ammonia 10 milk of magnesium 9 toothpaste 8 baking soda, seawater, eggs 7 "pure" water 6 milk 5 acid rain, black coffee 4 tomato juice 3 grapefruit & orange juice, soft drink 2 lemon juice, vinegar 1 hydrochloic acid secreted from the stomach lining 0 battery acid

6. MY PH CHART

7. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE

8. MATERIALS Acids (200 ml each) – Lemon juice – Vinegar – Soft drink – Orange juice – Milk Bases (200 ml each) – Baking soda – Milk of magnesium – Ammonia – Bleach – Drain cleaner

9. MATERIALS (CONT.) Beakers Digital thermometer Data sheet Distilled water Graduated cylinder Litmus paper

10. PROCEDURE Procedure 1.Put 100ml distilled water and thermometer in a beaker 2.Stir to a constant temp. 3.Record temp. 4.Put 50ml acid and 50ml base in separate containers 5.Make each chemical constant temperature 6.Record temp. 7.Add acid and base to beaker with distilled water at same time 8.Record temp. every 2 seconds for 20 sec. 9.Clean beakers 10.Repeat with all acid / base combinations

11. DATA AND GRAPHS

12. MILK WITH EACH BASE

13. LEMON JUICE WITH EACH BASE

14. ORANGE JUICE WITH EACH BASE

15. VINEGAR WITH EACH BASE

16. SODA WITH EACH BASE

17. DATA CHARTS The data charts show the acid on top and the bases listed down the side The temperatures are listed in 2 second intervals horizontally across the chart The reaction with the base on top and the acids on the side

18. MILK DATA CHART Milk Milk of magnesium17 bleach17.517.918.118.418.718.919.319.419.5 Drain cleaner17.317.617.717.91818.218.418.818.5 Ammonia16.4 Baking soda14.714.314.214.114.013.813.713.6

19. ORANGE JUICE DATA CHART Orange Juice Ammonia17.2 17.3 Drain cleaner 17.818.218.418.518.9 19.0 19.1 Bleach17.317.718.118.418.518.7 18.818.9 Milk of magnesiu m 16.316.416.516.6 16.7 16.8

20. LEMON JUICE DATA CHART Lemon Juice Baking Soda17.817.117.016.916.716.6 16.7 ammonia12.213.413.513.6 Milk of magnesium 20.821.221.321.72222.422.522.622.722.8 Drain cleaner18.219.42020.2 20.320.420.620.721 Bleach17.818.518.919.219.619.82020.32021.3

21. SODA DATA CHART Soda - Coke bleach17.417.5 17.6 Milk of magnesium 17.417.5 17.6 Drain cleaner17.517.617.517.7 17.8 17.9 Ammonia16.9 17.0 Baking soda13.714.015.813.415.813.413.313.1 13.6

22. MILK DATA CHART milk Milk of magnesium 17 Bleach17.517.918.118.418.718.919.319.4 19.5 Drain cleaner17.317.617.717.9 18 18.418.818.5 Ammonia16.4 Baking soda14.714.314.214.11413.813.713.6

23. RESEARCH

24. CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemical reactions and changes take place when molecules or elements interact with other elements to form new chemical compounds. In order of two molecules to react, the pair of electrons must collide. The collision needs to be exact on the angle of the collision and the it needs to have enough energy to break the chemical bond. Energy is released and a new and different bond is formed. The reaction rate is measured by the change in consecration of one of the starting materials over time. If some reaction condition is changed, the reaction rate will be changed.

25. ACID / BASE REACTIONS Acid / base chemical reactions are one of the six types of chemical reactions. When an acid and a base are mixed there is a neutralization reaction. Different properties make different chemicals and other liquids acids and bases. When acids are dissolved in water they can conduct electricity, they have a sour taste (lemons and limes are acids), they turn blue litmus paper red, and they neutralize bases. Bases, when dissolved in water have a bitter taste, a slippery feeling when applied to your skin, and can turn red litmus paper blue. The strength of acids / bases are measured on a pH scale. On the scale seven is a neutral chemical like water or blood. Any number below seven and above zero is an acid and numbers eight to fifteen are bases.

26. HEAT RELEASED The amount of heat released can be measured in the change in the temperature of the surrounding objects. If the container is well insulated, the heat released during the reaction will raise or lower the temperature of the contents of the container. If your reaction took place in a calorimeter that wasn’t completely insulated then some the heat would escape. To determine the amount of heat that escapes compare the temperature of change and the heat capacity of the container to the known heat flow.

27. PICTURES AND VIDEO

28. LEMON JUICE AND BAKING SODA This is how full it was before the baking soda

29. VIDEO

30. CONCLUSION Based on my observations, acid / base reactions do produce heat. With different strength chemicals more or less heat is produced. With some chemicals the solutions gets colder. My hypothesis was correct in that there was heat produced in most acid base reactions.

31. BIBLIOGRAPHIES

32. Nave, Carl. Acid – Base Reactions. Georgia State University, 2009. Web. 22 November 2010. Science Dictionary. Chemistry Terms and Definitions Listed Alphabetically. Science Dictionary,2006. Web. 12 November 2010. Le Moyne College. Calorimetry of Acid – Base Neutralization. Le Moyne College, Unknown. Web. 24 November 2010.

33. Banks, Richard. Chemical Reactions. Boise State University, January 2001. Web. 28 November 2010. Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Calorimeter.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition. 1981. Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Enthalpy of neutralization.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition. 1981.

34. Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Enthalpy of neutralization.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition. 1981. Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Exothermic.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition. 1981. Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). “Endothermic.” Webster’s New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition. 1981.

35. THE END