1. United States v. Soviet Union
The Cold War
United States v. Soviet Union

2. The U. S. & the U. S. S. R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later 20c

3. Class work
Directions: Using the maps on page 849 in your textbook and the map that follows, label the Europe after World War II map.
Label:
Communist Countries
Non-Communist Countries
Iron Curtain
NATO Countries
Warsaw Pact Countries

5. Beginning of Cold War
The Cold War was an economic and political power struggle from
Following World War II, Soviet forces occupied much of Eastern and Central Europe and East Germany.
Following World War II, Germany was divided as follows:
A. West Germany was occupied by United States, Great Britain, and France until the adoption of democracy

6. Beginning of Cold War
B. East Germany was dominated by the Soviet Union.
Berlin was occupied by all Four powers. The United States organized the Berlin Airlift to bring supplies to Berlin when the Soviets blockaded routes from West Germany to West Berlin.
Following World War II, Japan was occupied by the United States until the adoption of democracy.

7. The Division of Germany: 1945 - 1990
Post WW II:
4 zones created
West Germany
US, Great Britain, France
East Germany:
Soviet Union
Berlin: German capital split into eastern & western halves

8. Berlin Airlift: U.S. response to Soviet blockade
U.S. and Allies flew supplies to blockaded West Berlin for 10 months:
277,000 flights
2 million tons of supplies

9. Cold War
In an attempt to prevent the spread of Communism in Europe, the Marshall Plan provided assistance to European countries destroyed by the war.
The United Nations was formed near the end of World War II. Its purpose was to prevent future wars.

10. Marshall Plan: Economic plan to stop the spread of Communism in Europe
$$$ given to European countries to rebuild after the war.

11. Cold War
The Cold War was an economic and political power struggle from between the democratic ideals of the United States and the communist government of the Soviet Union.
The Truman Doctrine was a United States pledge to resist the spread of communism worldwide

12. Cold War:(1945-1989) Political & Economic Struggle
USA
Politically:
Democracy
Economically:
Capitalist
Free Market
USSR
Politically:
Communist
Economically:
Command Economy
Quota System

13. Truman Doctrine
U.S. pledge to resist the spread of communism worldwide
Policy of Containment

14. The Dividing of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War
Soviet Union creates an Iron Curtain around Southern & Eastern Europe & East Germany
Communist satellite governments established in Eastern European countries

15. Cold War The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Was formed to provide a defensive alliance to protect Western Europe against an invasion by the Soviet Union.
The Warsaw Pact, an alliance of Soviet and East European countries, was a response to NATO.
In 1949, the communists took over China. America feared the spread of communism.

16. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): Protect Western Europe vs Soviet invasion

17. Warsaw Pact, an alliance of Soviet and East European countries, was a response to NATO.

18. China: The Communist Victory
World’s largest population now Communist

19. Cold War
The United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a nuclear arms race during the Cold War.
Massive retaliation was a United States policy adopted during the Eisenhower administration. It threatened the use of nuclear weapons in response to Soviet aggression against another country.

20. Nuclear Arms Race: 1949 the Soviets build an A-Bomb

21. Massive Retaliation U.S. policy of the Eisenhower administration.
It threatened the use of nuclear weapons in response to Soviet aggression against another country.

22. Cold War continued
Fear of communism and threat of nuclear war affected life in the United States during the Cold War.
Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of spying.
Senator Joseph McCarthy accused many Americans of spying. This is known as the Red Scare or McCarthyism.
Foreign policy became a major issue in presidential campaigns.

23. Cold War @ Home: Red Scare & Nuclear Scare

24. Communist Spies & Second Red Scare
Spies in America:
Alger Hiss & the Rosenberg’s (Julius & Ethel) convicted of spying
America Paranoid that spies are everywhere

25. Communist Spies & Second Red Scare
HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee created to investigate potential Communist spies
Joseph McCarthy: Wisconsin senator gains popularity by publicly accusing people of being spies
People were considered “guilty” until proven “innocent”

26. Korean War
The United States became involved in the Korean War in 1950 when communist North Korea invaded South Korea.
China entered the conflict on the side of North Korea. A truce was signed in Korea remained divided along the 38th parallel.

27. Korean War
U.S. & UN involved in the Korean War in Communist North Korea invaded South Korea.
China entered on side of North Korea
Korea remained divided at 38th parallel

29. Cuba Cuba is located 90 miles south of the US.
The United States engaged in Cold-War-related confrontations with Cuba.
In 1959, Fidel Castro took over Cuba in a communist revolution.
The United States trained a group of Cubans to invade Cuba. The Bay of Pigs invasion took place in 1961 and failed.

30. Cuba Located 90 miles from Florida
1959: Fidel Castro took over in a communist revolution

31. Bay of Pigs (1961)
U.S. trained Cuban rebels invade Cuba & attempt to overthrow Castro.
IT FAILED
US begins trade embargo on Cuba (it still exists today)

32. Cuba
In 1962, the Soviet Union began to build missile launchers in Cuba. The United States protested, and for several days, the world worried that a nuclear war would erupt.
The Soviet Union decided to remove the missiles. This event is known as the Cuban Missile Crisis.

33. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): 13 days in October
JFK President
Issue: Soviet missiles in Cuba
US Response: Protests then a naval blockade to prevent Soviet ships from reaching Cuba
Soviet Response: Respect the naval blockade and remove missiles in Cuba
(US would later remove Nukes from Turkey)

35. Cold War continued
Cold War military contracts benefited Virginia’s economy.
President Kennedy’s inaugural address became famous for this quote: “ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”
Many Americans served in the military during the Cold War; the United States prevailed over the Soviet Union.
President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.

36. John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) Assassinated in Dallas, Texas in 1963
“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country!”

37. Vietnam War
The United States began providing economic aid to the French in Vietnam as part of the American policy of containment.
In the 1950’s and 1960’s, communist North Vietnam attempted to force a communist government in South Vietnam. The United States provided assistance to South Vietnam.
United States military buildup in Vietnam increased during the administrations of Kennedy and Johnson

38. Vietnam War
American military forces repeatedly defeated North Vietnam but were unable to force an end to the war through a limited war.
America became divided over the Vietnam War. War protests took place, especially on college campuses.
President Johnson decided not to run for re-election. Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968.

39. Vietnam War
“Vietnamization” was Nixon’s plan to withdraw American troops and replace them with U.S.-supplied South Vietnamese forces. It was unsuccessful because South Vietnamese forces were unable to resist invasion from Soviet-supplied North Vietnam.
A peace agreement was signed in 1973, and United States troops left Vietnam. In 1975, North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam, which was unable to resist. Vietnam became a united country under a communist government.

40. Vietnam War
Vietnam war veterans returned home to encounter much indifference and hostility. It was several years before Vietnam veterans were honored.
Today, in Washington D.C. , they have the Vietnam War Veterans wall which lists the names of the fallen soldiers from that conflict

41. Cold War continued
The Soviet Union’s Cold War military buildup took a toll on their command economy.
Soviet Republics began to push for independence
Mikhail Gorbachev attempted to save the Soviet Union through glasnost and perestroika.

42. End of the Cold War: The fall of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union economy collapsing
Soviet republics push for independence
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev attempts to save the USSR
Glasnost: Openness
Perestroika: Economic Reforms
Too little to late

43. Fall of Berlin Wall
President Reagan demands the Soviets tear down the Berlin Wall
Fall of Wall signals end of Cold War