1. THE COLD WAR YEAR 10 HISTORY

2. TERMS TO REMEMBER: ANZUS AGREEMENT OF 1951. AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND UNITED STATES AGREED TO COME TO ONE ANOTHER’S AID IN THE EVENT OF ATTACK. AN = AUSTRALIA Z= NEW ZEALAND US= UNITED STATES SEATO (SOUTHEAST ASIA TREATY ORGANIZATION) TREATY OF 1945. SOUTH EAST ASIA COLLECTIVE DEFENSE TREATY. US, BRITAIN, FRANCE, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, THAILAND AND PAKISTAN. SOUTH VIETNAM, CAMBODIA AND LAOS WERE ALSO GIVEN PROTECTION.

3. THE COLD WAR IS HEATING UP FOR THE FIRST TIME COLD WAR TENSIONS WERE BEGINNING TO HEAT UP IN A CONFLICT KNOW AS THE KOREAN WAR. THIS WAS THE FIRST TIME SINCE WORLD WAR II THAT AMERICA ACTUALLY ENGAGED IN MILITARY ACTION AGAINST A CONSIDERABLE COMMUNIST TREAT.

4. KOREA AND THE 38 TH PARALLEL KOREA WAS LEFT SPLIT AFTER WWII BETWEEN A COMMUNIST NORTH AND A ANTI-COMMUNIST BUT HARDLY DEMOCRATIC SOUTH. THESE TWO SEPARATE STATE WERE IN A CONSTANT OF CIVIL CONFLICT THAT DIVIDED THEM ACROSS A LINE CALL THE 38 TH PARALLEL. Kim iL Sung Syngmen Rhee General Douglas Macarthur

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6. COMMUNIST INVASION NORTH KOREA INVADES THE SOUTH IN SEPTEMBER 1950. AMERICA PRESIDENT TRUMAN BELIEVES THAT THE INVASION WAS BEING PUSHED BY THE SOVIETS, AND DECLARED THE INVASION AS A THREAT TO THE “FREE WORLD”.

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8. AMERICA JOINS THE FIGHT AMERICA JOINS THE SOUTH KOREAN FORCES, AND PUSHES THE NORTH BACK THE 38 TH PARALLEL. AMERICA INVOLVEMENT IN THE KOREAN WAR WAS NEVER APPROVED BY THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS. THE PRESIDENT SENT TROOPS VIA UNITED NATION APPROVAL, AND DECLARED THE AMERICAN MILITARY FORCE AS ‘UN POLICE’.

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10. CHINA ENTERS THE WAR ALLIED FORCES DECIDED TO ATTEMPT TO UNIFY THE TWO GROUPS INTO ONE LARGE NON-COMMUNIST STATE. HOWEVER, A LARGE AMERICAN MILITARY FORCE NEAR THE COMMUNIST CHINESE BOARDER CAUSE CHINA TO RESPOND WITH AID TO THE NORTH. BY CHRISTMAS THAT YEAR THE TO SIDES WERE BACK AT A STALE MATE ALONG THE 38 TH PARRALLE.

11. MAP ACTIVITY 4# COPY THE DETAILS

12. THE LONG HAUL THE WAR LASTED FOR AN ADDITIONAL PERIOD OF 2 YEAR, DURING WHICH THE AMERICANS HAD ADOPTED A SCORCHED EARTH POLICY. THE FIGHTING ENDED ON 27 JULY 1953, WHEN THE ARMISTICE WAS SIGNED.

13. NOTES: FIRST TIME COLD WAR TENSIONS WERE BEGINNING TO HEAT UP IN A CONFLICT KNOW AS THE KOREAN WAR. KOREAN WAS SPLIT ALONG A 38 TH PARALLEL, INTO A COMMUNIST NORTH AND ANTI-COMMUNIST SOUTH THE NORTH INVADED THE SOUTH, AND AMERICA PROVIDED MILITARY SUPPORT TO THE SOUTH TO COMBAT THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM. THE SOUTH AND WESTERN FORCES ADVANCE TO CLOSE TO THE CHINESE BOARDER AND PROVOKED CHINA TO ENTER THE WAR ON THE SIDE OF THE NORTH. THE WAR ENTER STALEMATE FOR 2 YEARS WITH THE AMERICANS BOMBING EVERYTHING. THE WAR FINALLY ENDED IN ON 27 JULY 1953

14. REMEMBER THE FIGHTING IDEOLOGIES THE SOVIET UNION AND ITS SATELLITE STATES, OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE EASTERN BLOC, WERE ON ONE SIDE. THE UNITED STATES AND ITS ALLIES WERE ON THE OTHER, AND WERE USUALLY REFERRED TO AS THE WESTERN BLOC. THE COLD WAR WAS CHARACTERISED BY MUTUAL DISTRUST AND SUSPICION.

15. SPY GAMES ESPIONAGE WAS A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF THE SECRET CONFLICT CARRIED OUT DURING THE COLD WAR. THE SOVIET INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (KGB AND ITS PREDECESSORS) WAS SUCCESSFUL IN PENETRATING SOME SENSITIVE AREAS OF THE US AND OTHER WESTERN GOVERNMENTS. THIS WAS USUALLY DONE WITH THE COOPERATION OF CITIZENS IN WESTERN COUNTRIES OR BY SOVIET DIPLOMATS. ESPIONAGE

16. THE PETROV AFFAIR RARELY DOES A POLITICAL EVENT CAPTURE A NATION’S IMAGINATION LIKE THE PETROV AFFAIR. FIFTY YEARS AGO THE PETROV AFFAIR DOMINATED AUSTRALIA’S HEADLINES. FOR MONTHS AUSTRALIANS DEVOURED STORIES OF ESPIONAGE AND CHARGES OF POLITICAL CONSPIRACY. DEFECTION: THIS TERM IS APPLIED TO ANYONE WHO SWITCHES LOYALTY TO ANOTHER RELIGION, SPORTS TEAM, POLITICAL PARTY, OR OTHER RIVAL FACTION. IN THAT SENSE, THE DEFECTOR IS OFTEN CONSIDERED A TRAITOR BY THEIR ORIGINAL SIDE.RELIGIONSPORTS TEAMPOLITICAL PARTY TRAITOR THE DEFECTION OF THE PETROVS CAME TO BE REGARDED BY WESTERN INTELLIGENCE SERVICES AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THE COLD WAR ERA. THE PETROV AFFAIR HAD A PROFOUND AND LASTING IMPACT ON THE AUSTRALIAN POLITICAL LANDSCAPE, WITH THE LABOR PARTY SPLIT A DIRECT CONSEQUENCE OF THE EVENTS OF 1954-1955.PETROVSCOLD WAR ERALABOR PARTY SPLIT

17. Evdokia PetrovaEvdokia Petrova at Mascot Airport, Sydney, being escorted across the tarmac to a waiting plane by two armed Soviet diplomatic couriers (19 April 1954).Mascot Airport Activity: You are an Australian that is viewing this image in the newspaper for the first time. Using your observation skills answer the following questions on your worksheet. 1.What does the body language show? 2.How would the average Australia respond to this photo? 3.What does the image suggest about Communism, during the Cold War? 4.Why are her shoes missing?

18. WHAT WERE THE PETROVS REALLY DOING? THE PETROVS ARRIVED IN AUSTRALIA IN 1951. UNDER THE COVER OF BEING RUSSIAN DIPLOMATS, BOTH WERE SOVIET SPIES. PETROV’S INTELLIGENCE ROLE IN AUSTRALIA INCLUDED DECODING INTELLIGENCE INSTRUCTIONS FROM MOSCOW, ESTABLISHING AN ILLEGAL NETWORK OF AUSTRALIAN SPIES, ORGANISING SURVEILLANCE OF SOVIET CITIZENS AND UNDERMINING ANTI-SOVIET ACTIVITIES BY INFILTRATING RUSSIAN EMIGRE AND SOVIET REFUGEE GROUPS.

19. QUICK QUIZ- RESPOND TO AS MANY AS YOU CAN ON YOUR OWN. WHAT IS THE DOMINO THEORY? WHAT DOES A.N.Z.U.S STAND FOR? WHAT IS THE 38 TH PARALLEL? WHO WERE THE PETROVS?

20. NOTES: ESPIONAGE WAS A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF THE SECRET CONFLICT CARRIED OUT DURING THE COLD WAR. FOR MONTHS AUSTRALIANS DEVOURED STORIES OF ESPIONAGE AND CHARGES OF POLITICAL CONSPIRACY. DEFECTION: THIS TERM IS APPLIED TO ANYONE WHO SWITCHES LOYALTY TO ANOTHER RELIGION, SPORTS TEAM, POLITICAL PARTY, OR OTHER RIVAL FACTION.RELIGIONSPORTS TEAMPOLITICAL PARTY THE DEFECTION OF THE PETROVS CAME TO BE REGARDED BY WESTERN INTELLIGENCE SERVICES AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THE COLD WAR ERA.PETROVSCOLD WAR ERA LASTING IMPACT ON THE AUSTRALIAN POLITICAL LANDSCAPE, WITH THE LABOR PARTY SPLIT A DIRECT CONSEQUENCE OF THE EVENTS OF 1954-1955.LABOR PARTY SPLIT

21. ROYAL COMMISSION ON APRIL 13, THE EVE OF THE LAST PARLIAMENTARY SITTING DAY BEFORE THE 1954 ELECTION CAMPAIGN, PRIME MINISTER ROBERT MENZIES ANNOUNCED THE DEFECTION OF VLADIMIR PETROV. HE CALLED FOR A ROYAL COMMISSION TO INVESTIGATE EVIDENCE OF ESPIONAGE CONTAINED IN THE DOCUMENTS PETROV BROUGHT WITH HIM.ROBERT MENZIES LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION, H V EVATT CAME TO BELIEVE THAT THE PETROV DEFECTIONS WERE PART OF A SINISTER CONSPIRACY DEVISED BY MENZIES, ASIO AND CATHOLIC ANTI-COMMUNIST ELEMENTS INSIDE THE LABOR PARTY TO SECURE A COALITION VICTORY AT THE 1954 ELECTION.H V EVATT

22. ROYAL COMMISSION THE LIBERALS ARGUED THAT MENZIES WAS REPRESENTING HIS OWN POLITICAL INTERESTS AS LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION AND NOT HIS CLIENTS’ INTERESTS. THE FINAL REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION WAS RELEASED ON SEPTEMBER 14 1955. IT CONCLUDED THAT THE PETROV DOCUMENTS WERE GENUINE AND THAT THE PETROVS WERE ‘WITNESSES OF TRUTH’.

23. THE LABOR PARTY SPLIT WATCH CLIP