1. Fish Nutrition

2. Definitions n Amino Acid –A building block for proteins; an organic acid containing one or more amino groups (-NH2) and at least on carboxylic acid group (-COOH) n Protein –naturally occurring complex combinations of amino acids that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and several other elements n Lipid –Fats

3. Definition n Vitamin –An organic compound occurring in minute amounts in foods and essential for numerous metabolic reactions n Fatty Acid –organic acid present in lipids, varying in carbon content from 2 to 34 atoms

4. Digestive System Components n Mouth n Pharynx n esophagus n stomach n pylorus n intestine n liver n gallbladder

6. Feeding Classifications n Carnivores n Herbivores n Omnivores

7. Feeding Classifications based on feeding habits n Predator - trout n Grazer - Mullet n Strainer - Menhaden, bighead n Suckers - Buffalofish, carp n Parasites- lamprey

8. Energy in Feed n released during the breakdown of carbohydrates, amino acids and fats n Fish cold blooded

9. Factors Effecting Energy Use n Age n Composition of the diet n Light exposure n Physiological activity n Size n Species n Water temperature

10. Energy Losses

11. What is a Carbohydrate n Any of the various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, such as sugars, starches and celluloses. n Most of these carbohydrates can be used as an energy source for animals

12. Carbohydrate Structure

13. Essential Fatty Acids Why are they important? n Required for normal growth and development n Cannot be synthesized by the body n Function as part of the cell membrane n Precursor for other biochemicals n ie.linolenic acid, linoleic and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

14. Fatty Acid

15. Fatty Acids n Too Little –skin lesions, heart problems, reduced growth rate, reduced feed efficiency, poor reproductive performance, increased mortality n Too Much –imbalance of digestible energy to crude protein ration –excessive deposition of fat in the body cavity & tissues

16. Proteins n Provide energy n Supply amino acids n meet requirements for functional proteins - enzymes, hormones and structural proteins

17. Essential Amino Acids n Histidine n Isoleucine n Leucine n Lysine n Threonine n Arginine n Phenylalanine n Methionine n Trypophan n Valine HILL TAP MTV

18. Amino Acids

19. Protein and Fish n Protein requirements higher than warm- blooded animals n Requirement declines with age n Animal proteins are generally better but cost more n Combination of proteins more effective than single source

20. Protein Requirements

21. Protein Deficiancy n Reduction in weight gain n Cataracts in salmonids n curved spines n Disruption of the metabolism of minerals

22. Vitamins Vitamins n Water Soluble n Vitamin C n Thiamine n Riboflavin n Pyridoxine (B6) n Panothenic n Niacin n Biotin n Folate n Vitamin B12 n Choline and Myoinositol n Fat Soluble n Vitamin A n Vitamin D n Vitamin E n Vitamin K

23. Vitamin Functions n Vit. C - formation of connective tissue, bone matrix, and wound repairs. Iron absorption n Vit. A - sight, growth, repro,resist infection and maintain body coverings n Vit. D - helps the body work with calcium

24. Vitamin C Deficiency

25. See notes in notebook for completion of section