1.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Anatomy for Nutrition’s Sake Chapter 3

2.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Digestive System The gastrointestinal tract Layers of the GI tract wall Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine (colon)

3.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Gastrointestinal Tract Mouth Chewing Saliva Swallowing Esophagus Passes bolus from mouth to stomach

4.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Gastrointestinal Tract Stomach Stores food Forms chyme (semi-liquid blend of food & gastric secretions) Controls movement of chyme into small intestine

5.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Gastrointestinal Tract Small intestine Primary organ of digestion & absorption Adds bile & enzymes to chyme to complete digestion Absorbs nutrients into blood & lymph

6.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Gastrointestinal Tract Large intestine Absorbs dissolved minerals & water Eliminates waste products Harbors bacteria

7.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth The Digestive System Accessory organs of digestion Liver Makes bile Gallbladder Stores & releases bile Pancreas Makes bicarbonate & digestive enzymes (exocrine functions)

8.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Metabolism Breaking down nutrients for energy Carbohydrate to glucose (catabolic) & glycogen (anabolic) Protein to amino acids (catabolic) & then to glucose, fat, or protein (anabolic) Fat/fat-soluble nutrients packaged in chylomicrons, then other lipoproteins

9.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Other Systems Bones Muscles Nerves Lungs Reproductive organs

10.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Let Foods Be Your Medicine Functional foods Visit the local grocery store Follow the research Incorporate functional foods into your daily diet

11.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Do Your Genes Affect What’s in Your Jeans? Ancient ancestors’ eating habits vs. the way we eat today How ancient habits & eating patterns affect likelihood of developing chronic diseases Foods found in modern diets that were generally unavailable to our prehistoric ancestors

12.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems Hiccups Causes Potential “cures”

13.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems Constipation Definition - bowl movements ≤3 times per week Causes Treatment Diet: 20-35 g/fiber per day Lifestyle changes Laxatives

14.  2010 Cengage-Wadsworth Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems Hemorrhoids Complication of constipation Signs & symptoms Treatment Tub baths Hemorrhoidal cream or suppository