1. ALPHA Project Safety Assessment Document Vladimir Anferov

2. Regulatory Requirements

3. SAD Contents  A Safety Assessment Document (SAD) must identify hazards and associated onsite and offsite impacts to workers, the public, and the environment from the facility for both normal operations and credible accidents [4.a.(1)]  The SAD must contain sufficient descriptive information and analytical results pertaining to specific hazards and risks identified during the safety analysis process to provide an understanding of risks presented by the proposed operations [4.a.(2)]  The SAD must provide appropriate documentation and detailed description of engineered controls (e.g., interlocks and physical barriers) and administrative measures (e.g., training) taken to eliminate, control, or mitigate hazards from operation [4.a.(3)]

4. Risk Assessment Methodology 1.Rate probability of each hazard (A 0.1/year ) 2.Rate consequence/impact level (1-Low, 2-Medium,3-High) Risk Matrix Risk Levels 3 2 1 ABC HighUnacceptable Medium Acceptable with additional training or administrative mitigations LowAcceptable Probability Consequence

5. Consequences / Impacts Values DOE 5480.25 guidance defines negligible, minor and major impacts: “Major” is that level of impact at which permanent health effects or environmental damage could occur. (Criteria: injuries that require extensive professional medical attention; > 25 rem effective dose equivalent); “Minor” is that level of impact at which permanent health effects or environmental damage are not expected. (Criteria: minor injuries; 1 - 25 rem effective dose equivalent); “Negligible” is that level of impact at which the potential for health effects or environmental damage is very slight. (Criteria: injuries requiring only superficial professional medical attention; < 1 rem effective dose equivalent).

6. SAD Summary NoHazard EventProbability Level Consequence LevelRisk Level Ionizing Radiation Hazards 1Exposure to Ionizing radiation outside the accelerator enclosure LowMediumLow 2Exposure to Ionizing radiation inside the accelerator enclosure LowMediumLow 3Exposure to Ionizing radiation from activated components inside accelerator enclosure Extremely LowMediumNegligible 4Exposure to X-ray radiation produced by Klystrons LowMediumLow Non-Ionizing Radiation Hazards 5Fire hazard inside or outside the accelerator enclosure Low Negligible 6Electrical shock LowMediumLow 7Exposure to non-ionizing microwave leakage from Klystrons Low Negligible 8Exposure to high magnetic fields MediumLow 9Laser light exposure Extremely LowLowNegligible 10Exposure to toxic or carcinogenic materials (lead shielding) LowMediumLow 11Industrial accident involving construction machinery or falling objects MediumLow

7. Radiation Protection Radiation Sources: Linac exit Injection beam line Lambertson magnet Ring section Extraction beam line Test area transport line Sample position

8. Radiation Sources Conversion Rates from NCRP Report 144: Forward Gamma: Leakage Gamma: Neutrons:

9. Attenuation in shielding barriers MaterialGamma RadiationNeutrons Concrete (2.35 g/cm 3 ) TVL 1 =130 g/cm 2 = 55 cm TVL e =113 g/cm 2 = 48 cm TVL = 97 g/cm 2 = 41 cm Iron (7.87 g/cm 3 )TVL = 85 g/cm 2 = 10.8cm TVL = 290 g/cm 2 = 37 cm For 40-50 MeV electrons attenuation by a factor of 10 (TVL) :

10. Shielding Design Goals Normal Operation:  General public exposure limit in uncontrolled areas to below 0.05 mrem/hr  Users and Staff exposure limit in uncontrolled areas to below 0.25 mrem/hr Maximum Credible Incident Integrated dose equivalent below 2 mrem outside the shielding barriers.

11. Accelerator Safety Envelope ASE = Operating Limits Ref Beam Energy50 MeV Ref Beam Current0.5 A Ref Beam Duty factor10Hz × 10  sec Maximum beam power2500 Watts ID #Source Location Normal Op power loss(%) MCI beam Power loss(%) 1Linac Beam Exit1.0100 2Injection Beam Line0.1100 3Lambertson Magnet0.5100 4Ring Vacuum Pipe0.01100 5Ring Vacuum Pipe0.01100 6Ring Vacuum Pipe0.01100 7Extraction Beam Line0.1100 8 Test Area Transport Line0.1100 9Sample Position100

12. Normal Operation ID #Source LocationThicknessAttenuation FactorDose Rate (mrem/hr) ConcreteSteelGammaNeutronGammaNeutronTotal 1Linac Beam Exit3601.86E-065.05E-070.2330.0130.246 2Injection Beam Line3603.24E-068.77E-070.0410.0020.043 3Lambertson Magnet3603.24E-068.77E-070.2030.0110.214 4Ring Vacuum Pipe3605.66E-071.53E-070.0010.0000.001 5Ring Vacuum Pipe3602.36E-066.39E-070.0030.0000.003 6Ring Vacuum Pipe3605.90E-071.60E-070.0010.0000.001 7Extraction Beam Line3603.24E-068.77E-070.0410.0020.043 8Test Area Transport Line3602.17E-065.89E-070.0270.0010.029 9Sample Position6021.62E-083.96E-090.2030.0100.213

13. Maximum Credible Incident ID #Source LocationDose Rate (mrem/hr) GammaNeutronTotal 1Linac Beam Exit23.3091.26124.570 2Injection Beam Line40.5322.19342.725 3Lambertson Magnet40.5322.19342.725 4Ring Vacuum Pipe7.0770.3837.460 5Ring Vacuum Pipe29.5001.59631.096 6Ring Vacuum Pipe7.3750.3997.774 7Extraction Beam Line40.5322.19342.725 8Test Area Transport Line27.1871.47128.658 9Sample Position0.2030.0100.213 MCI represents loss of an entire beam in a single accelerator component (location).

14. Conclusions SAD lists all hazards Ionizing radiation hazards are mitigated by shielding design, interlock system, beam loss monitoring and training. Non-ionizing radiation hazards are mitigated by following safety codes and training.