1. 1 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Session 3 - Learning Outcomes By the end of this session you will be able to: u Compare and contrast the following wireless networking technologies: –Microwave, satellite, radio and infrared. u Discuss relative advantages and disadvantages of wireless LANs over wired LANs. u Explain how the cellular technology works. u Describe the potential applications of wireless LAN and Bluetooth technology.

2. 2 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Topics u Microwave u Satellite u Radio u Infrared u Cellular technology u Wireless LAN u Bluetooth technology

3. 3 Nurul Sarkar, AUT References u WebLan-Designer: http://elena.aut.ac.nz/homepages/weblandesigner http://elena.aut.ac.nz/homepages/weblandesigner u Textbook Ch. 6 – Telecommunication Technologies for E-Business. u Lough, D. L. et al. “A short tutorial on Wireless LANs and IEEE802.11” http://www.computer.org/students/looking/sum…/ieee802.htm l u Blankenbeckler, D. “An In troduction to Bluetooth” http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/blue../bluetooth.htm http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/blue../bluetooth.htm

4. 4 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Key terms u Microwave u Satellite u Radio u Infrared u Line-of-sight u Geosynchronous u transponder u Earth station u Wireless LAN u Cellular networks u CDMA2000 u GSM u GPRS u Bluetooth u Mobile JetStream u Gigahertz u Terahertz

5. 5 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless and mobile computing technologies u Communications can be –Terrestrial Microwave –Satellite Microwave –Infrared –Cellular –Radio –Wireless LANs and WANs. u Devices include –laptop, palmtop, pocket computer, PDA (personal digital assistant), cell-phones, and other hand-held devices.

6. 6 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Terrestrial Microwave u An example of directional wireless transmission. u A parabolic dish antenna is usually directed toward a receiving antenna in a line-of-sight configuration. u Characteristics »Frequency range: 2 - 40 GHz »Bandwidth: 7-220 MHz, Data rate: 1Mbps - 10Gbps u Applications »Long haul telecommunications (both voice and TV) »short point to point links (TV or data) »data link between LANs.

7. 7 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Satellite Microwave u Geo-synchronous earth orbit (GEO) »36,000km above the earth surface. 3 satellites can be used to cover the whole world. u Medium earth orbit (MEO) »within 6000 miles from Earth. More than 10 satellites to cover the planet. u Low earth orbit (LEO) »within 1000 miles from Earth. Few hundred satellites to cover the planet. Iridium, Teledisc, Globalstar.

8. 8 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Infrared technology u Requires transceivers u Transceivers must be line-of-sight u Frequency range: 300GHz – 200THz u Data rate: 1-16Mbps u Applications: »LANs where no cabling required »short distance communication (within a room) »remote control (TV/Video)

9. 9 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Broadcast radio u Generally omnidirectional » does not require a disk-shaped antenna u Frequency range »3kHz to 300GHz »Data rate: 1-10Mbps »covers AM, FM, VHF and part of UHF band u Applications »Radio broadcasting (AM, FM, short waves) »data networks »Cellular networks u Main source of impairment » multipath interference caused by reflection

10. 10 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless communication networks u Wide area networks –Uses media from a telephone company »Cellular systems, Satellite systems, Pagers u Local area networks –Network within ones property »Wireless LANs u Personal area networks –Up to 10 meter coverage »Bluetooth technology

11. 11 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Target Applications u Metro/Geographical area u Ubiquitous public connectivity with virtual private networks 2G/3G Technology Characteristics u Licensed Wireless Spectrum u Multi-cell coverage for metropolitan/wide area mobility u Modest to high power output (200-1000mw) u 2G: 28-56Kbps  3G: 144Kbps-2Mbps 3GUMTS CDMA 1X GPRS3GUMTS GPRS TDMACDMAGSMCDPD Wireless wide area networks

12. 12 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Cellular technology u 1G: Analog technology – eg. AMP (Advanced mobile phone system) u 2G: Digital narrowband technology – GSM, CDMA u 3G: Digital wideband technology – CDMA2000, W-CDMA Cell Mobile telephone switching office Optical fibre

13. 13 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless WAN technologies u Nextel –One transmitter covering a large area. 2-way radio dispatch service. Used by Taxis and public safety people. u Paging –One directional, point-to-point, character/ numerical based (display caller telephone number). –Cheaper and simpler than cellular phone service u I-Mode –Packet based wireless phone service. Offered by NTT DoCoMo in Japan. Audio and video over hand held devices.

14. 14 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Target Applications: u Building or Campus u Enterprise / premises advanced application voice & data network extension. IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN: u Unlicensed wireless spectrum u Multi-cell coverage for workplace mobility & roaming. u Low to modest power output (30-100mw) u 2-11Mbps today  22-54Mbps in 12-24 months CT2UPCSDECTPHS 802.11802.11b802.11aHiperLAN2802.11802.11b802.11aHiperLAN2 Wireless LAN Technologies

15. 15 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Overview of wireless LAN u Supports mobility u Medium –Radio frequencies (including microwave). u Applications –Retail shops, Hospitals, Airports, Warehouses u Standards – IEEE 802.11b (up to 11 Mbps) –IEEE 802.11a/g (up to 54 Mbps) u Configurations –Ad hoc network (Peer-to-peer) –Infrastructure network.

16. 16 Nurul Sarkar, AUT IEEE 802.11 Configurations Ad hoc Network Wired Backbone Network Access point Infrastructure Network

17. 17 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless card and Access point IEEE 802.11a card IEEE 802.11a AP

18. 18 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Example of wireless LAN connectivity Wireless laptops connecting to a backbone wired LAN through a network access point that can support 50 clients over 500 feet.

19. 19 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Wireless LAN growth u Rapid growth since IEEE 802.11b standard agreed by the industry in 1998. u Gartner Dataquest Study - Sept 2002 –Shipments of WLAN equipment will grow 73 percent in 2002 to 15.5 million units –Mobile Computer shipments with WLAN »20009% »200350% »200790%

20. 20 Nurul Sarkar, AUT Overview of Bluetooth technology u Short-range (up to 10 m) radio technology u Connect home and office based systems in a network. Connect PCs, printers, telephones, stereos, TVs. u Modest performance (721 Kbps) u Low power - well suited to handheld applications. u Support for both voice and data. u Packet switching technology.

21. 21 Nurul Sarkar, AUT M-commerce (1) u Transactions and non-transaction functions over wireless networks. u Growth due to: –Newer and smaller technologies –More mobile populations –Deregulation of telecommunication markets –Less costly infrastructure than wired alternative u Slower to grow in US than Europe and Asia