Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

The History of Life © NASA www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil-Pictures/Ammonites/Ammonite-5/Ammonite-5-1024.jpg.

Published byMagnus Randall Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "The History of Life © NASA www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil-Pictures/Ammonites/Ammonite-5/Ammonite-5-1024.jpg."— Presentation transcript:

1 The History of Life © NASA www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil-Pictures/Ammonites/Ammonite-5/Ammonite-5-1024.jpg

2 Diversity (1): Simple organisms Two types of organism exist on our planet. One group has simple cells with DNA strands floating in a capsule. These prokaryotes, as they are called, include various types of bacteria http://www.earthlife.net/images/bacteria.gifen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Halobacteria.jpg Bacteria

3 Diversity (2): Complex organisms en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Amanita_muscaria_(fly_agaric).JPG en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Elephant_near_ndutu.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Chlamydomonas_(10000x).jpgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Laurencia.jpg Protozoa Golden algae AnimalsPlants Fungi www.earthlife.net/images/eury-cell.gif A second group, eukaryotes, have complex cells that have compartments with special jobs and DNA in a nucleus

4 The Fossil Record www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/royalty_free_photos_fossil_hunting_collecting.jpg Fossils provide a record of life forms that once existed in the past

5 Geological Time The study of fossils in the context of the 4500 million years of geological time allows us to piece together the History of Life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale The Phanerozoic in detail The whole geological timescale

6 Outline of Talk Part 1. Life begins in the Sea Activity: The Burgess Shale Part 2. Life invades the Land Activity: Early Land Ecosystems Part 3. Life booms… then Bust?

7 In the Sea (1): Bombardment 4500-3800 million years ago ? © Julian Baum with permissionNASA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Early EarthCratered moonMars During its early history, the Earth was bombarded by meteorites. Such inhospitable conditions probably prevented life from evolving.

8 In the Sea (2): First living things 3800-3500 million years ago en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Stromatolites_in_Sharkbay.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect20/A12.html Modern bacterial moundsFossil bacteria? Life evolved shortly after the bombardment ended, early in Earth History. The first living things were simple bacteria

9 In the Sea (3): Oxygen 3800-3500 million years ago en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Stromatolites_in_Sharkbay.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Iron oxide rocksPhotosynthetic bacteria Early photosynthetic bacteria produced oxygen and released it as a waste product. This added oxygen to the atmosphere for the first time. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Anabaena_sperica.jpg

10 In the Sea (4): Complex cells 1900 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale www.cushmanfoundation.org/resources/images/slide16.gif Two billion years later complex eukaryote cells appeared. These had compartments with special functions such as energy factories called mitochondria. Eukaryote cells need oxygen - this explains their late evolution Acritarch

11 In the Sea (5): Multicellular life 1400 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale After another half billion years many-celled life appeared Grypania was a coiled tube, 2 mm wide and up to 5 cm long Grypania © Bruce Runnegar with permission

12 In the Sea (6): Biology’s Big Bang! 1200 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Red algae en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sexual_cycle.svg evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/bangiomorpha1.jpg A short time later, 1200 mya, algae evolved sexual reproduction

13 630-542 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale In the Sea (7): Ediacara Evidence By 630 mya, the familiar kingdoms of animals, plant and fungi had evolved. The Ediacara fauna of this time interval were strange bizarre organisms from the dawn of animal life www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/Ediacara.html

14 542-515 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Beginnings (8): Diversity explodes Around 542 mya, several fossil sites show that the diversity of animal life on Earth dramatically exploded over a short time. Claw of Anomalocaris www.newarkcampus.org/professional/osu/faculty/jstjohn/Cool Fossils/Anomalocaris-canadensis.jpg palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/palaeofiles/lagerstatten/Burgess/Anomalocarishunts.jpg Burgess Shale fossils

15 Activity 1 Ecology of the Burgess Shale palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/palaeofiles/lagerstatten/Burgess/Anomalocarishunts.jpg Reconstruction of life preserved in the Burgess Shale

16 Onto Land (1): Making tracks 500 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale © Simon Braddy Eurypterid Around 500 mya, tracks in ancient coastal dunes show that some marine animals started to make temporary visits to the sea shore to feed or mate

17 Onto Land (2): Permanent residents 460 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Worms and primitive plants started to colonize the land, 460 mya Liverworts similar to the first plants Ancient worm burrows upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Liverwort.jpg

18 Onto Land (3): A taste for Plants 420 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Millipedes and their poo in the Ludlow Bone Bed of Shropshire Analysis of fossil poo shows that animals started to eat plants, 420 mya Fossil millipedes Fossil poo contains plants

19 Onto Land (4): Time Capsule 400 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Around 400 mya, a whole land ecosystem became a time capsule at Rhynie in Scotland when a volcanic hot spring erupted. www.abdn.ac.uk/rhynie.htm © Jason Dunlop

20 Onto Land (5): First Forests 380-370 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/progymnosperms.htmlwww.seedbiology.de/evolution.asp Forests were born 380 mya as plants grew trunks, leaves and seeds for the first time SeedsLarge leavesTree trunks

21 Onto Land (6): Amphibians 380-365 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Panderichthys_BW.jpg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ichthyostega_BW.jpg Ichthyostega Panderichthys Also around 380 mya certain fish evolved limbs and lungs for life on land The first land-dwelling amphibians retained many fishy characteristics

22 Onto Land (7): Reptiles 315 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Bones found in Canada show that reptile evolved, 315 mya Hylonomus lyelli Lay eggs on land http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Hylonomus_BW.jpg

23 Onto Land (8): First Rainforests 320-290 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Around 300 mya, coal seams in North America and Europe show that the first tropical rainforests had evolved. Coal Forests www.mnh.si.edu/highlight/riola/images/calhoun.jpg Fossil plant © Howard Falcon-Lang

24 Activity 2 Comparison of early land-based ecosystems www.mnh.si.edu/highlight/riola/images/calhoun.jpg

25 Boom & Bust? (1): The Great Dying 251.4 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Pahoeoe_fountain_original.jpg Extinction intensity Life nearly died in a massive wave of extinction around 251 mya in the largest of the so-called “Big Five” mass extinctions % species extinct

26 Boom & Bust? (2): Dinosaurs 220-65 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale About 220 mya, shortly after the extinction, dinosaurs appeared. These reptiles dominated the land for the next 150 myrs!

27 Boom & Bust? (3): Birds 155 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale About 155 mya, birds evolved from dinosaurs. The similarity between birds and dinosaurs has been recognized for 160 years. Archaeopteryx is one of the earliest known birds www.dinohunters.com/History/Microraptor.htmupload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/SArchaeopteryxBerlin2.jpg Microraptor is a small feathered dinosaur

28 Boom & Bust? (4): Mammals 220 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Mammals evolved about the same time as the dinosaurs, 220 mya, but lived in their shadow for a 150 million years Many were small, nocturnal insect-eating animals. The need to be active at night may be why mammals are warm-blooded Yanoconodon © Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation

29 Boom & Bust? (5): Deep Impact 65 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale NASA Shocked quartz The Crater of Doom NASA miac.uqac.ca/MIAC/qtz-chic.jpg Around 65 mya, various lines of geological evidence suggest that the Earth was hit by a 10 km meteorite, wiping out the dinosaurs

30 Boom Bust? (6): Grass and Grazers 35 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale i.pbase.com/o4/15/700115/1/66410718.sOPB0thD.serengeti2.jpg Around 35 mya, climate became cooler and drier and grasslands and grazing mammals became widespread

31 Boom & Bust? (7): Humans 2 million years ago http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lascaux2.jpg © Chris Stringer en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Neanderthal_2D.jpg Cave art Neanderthal Around 2 mya, humans evolved. They pioneered the use of fire and tools to control their world, and developed society and culture

32 Boom &Bust? (8): Sixth Extinction Today http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale Following their evolution humans have caused huge species loss, and this has accelerated in since the 19 th century Are we now in the midst of a sixth mass extinction? NASA

33 The History of Life © NASA www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil-Pictures/Ammonites/Ammonite-5/Ammonite-5-1024.jpg

Download ppt "The History of Life © NASA www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil-Pictures/Ammonites/Ammonite-5/Ammonite-5-1024.jpg."

Similar presentations

Aim: What were the first organisms to appear on Earth?

Aim: What were the first organisms to appear on Earth?
Unit B: Life Over Time Chapter 1: The History of Life on Earth

Unit B: Life Over Time Chapter 1: The History of Life on Earth
Lesson 10: Earth’s Atmosphere Modified From: arth.ppt#264,2,Age%20of%20the%20Earth.

Lesson 10: Earth’s Atmosphere Modified From: arth.ppt#264,2,Age%20of%20the%20Earth.
The geologic time scale shows Earth’s past.

The geologic time scale shows Earth’s past.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The History of Life on Earth Table of Contents Section 1 Evidence.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The History of Life on Earth Table of Contents Section 1 Evidence.
Scientists have divided geologic history into 4 main parts: Precambrian Time Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era.

Scientists have divided geologic history into 4 main parts: Precambrian Time Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era.
6.5 Time Marches On Pages 151-155 12-16-14.  Rock layers form oldest on the bottom first, newest on top, so as you go down you go back in time.

6.5 Time Marches On Pages  Rock layers form oldest on the bottom first, newest on top, so as you go down you go back in time.
Major Events in Evolution ♦4.6 bya – formation of the Earth (Precambrian) ♦3.5 bya – prokaryotic cells ♦2.2 bya – eukaryotic cells ♦600 mya – soft-bodied.

Major Events in Evolution ♦4.6 bya – formation of the Earth (Precambrian) ♦3.5 bya – prokaryotic cells ♦2.2 bya – eukaryotic cells ♦600 mya – soft-bodied.
End Show Slide 1 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.

End Show Slide 1 of 30 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.
Aim: What were the first organisms to appear on Earth? HW # 8 read chapter 19 Pg.493 q.#40 due thurs Group work Go through the progression of what we think.

Aim: What were the first organisms to appear on Earth? HW # 8 read chapter 19 Pg.493 q.#40 due thurs Group work Go through the progression of what we think.
Thurs, Nov 17 th CW: Geologic Time HW: Study for quiz Why are there no fossils in layer F?

Thurs, Nov 17 th CW: Geologic Time HW: Study for quiz Why are there no fossils in layer F?
Earth’s History & Geologic Time Notes

Earth’s History & Geologic Time Notes
Earth History: Geologic Time

Earth History: Geologic Time
Foothill High School Science Department The History of Life Evolution of Multicellular Life.

Foothill High School Science Department The History of Life Evolution of Multicellular Life.
Scientists have developed a model of the history of life on Earth called the geologic time scale. The geological time scale is based on studies of Earth’s.

Scientists have developed a model of the history of life on Earth called the geologic time scale. The geological time scale is based on studies of Earth’s.
This time period is known as the Cambrian explosion.

This time period is known as the Cambrian explosion.
The History of Life Presenter notes: Life is what makes our planet different. As far as we know Earth is the only planet in the Solar System ever to have.

The History of Life Presenter notes: Life is what makes our planet different. As far as we know Earth is the only planet in the Solar System ever to have.
Geologic Time Scale. How’s it divided?  Instead of being divided into months or years, the geologic time scale is divided into eras.  Eras are divided.

Geologic Time Scale. How’s it divided?  Instead of being divided into months or years, the geologic time scale is divided into eras.  Eras are divided.
GEOLOGIC TIME ESRT PAGES 8 and 9. AGE OF EARTH 4.6 Billion Years old = 4600 Million Years old MYA = millions of years ago.

GEOLOGIC TIME ESRT PAGES 8 and 9. AGE OF EARTH 4.6 Billion Years old = 4600 Million Years old MYA = millions of years ago.
Earth Timeline. When did these events occur? 1. Find a length of register tape and label it “Earth’s Timeline” 2. Write 4.56 billion years ago on one.

Earth Timeline. When did these events occur? 1. Find a length of register tape and label it “Earth’s Timeline” 2. Write 4.56 billion years ago on one.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google