1. CstM 301 - Management & Organization
motivation theory & practice

2. need… need [need] - noun a requirement
necessity arising from the circumstances of a situation or case
an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire

3. need theories… hierarchy of needs theory erg theory two-factor theory
acquired needs theory
what is the common ground?

4. motivation… mo·ti·va·tion [moh-tuh-vey-shuhn] - noun
to give incentive to
provide with a reason to act in a certain way
forces within an individual that account for the level, direction and persistence of effort expended

5. equity theory… eq·ui·ty [ek-wi-tee] - noun
the quality of being fair or impartial
some that is fair and just

6. equity theory… responses include change work inputs…outputs
change rewards received
change comparison points
change the situation

7. reinforcement theory…
the law of effect
behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated
behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not likely

8. reinforcement theory…
positive reinforcement
clearly identify desired behavior
maintain a diverse inventory of rewards
inform everyone what must be done to get reward
recognize individual differences when giving rewards
follow laws of immediate & contingent reinforcement
punishment
tell the person what is being done wrong
tell the person what is being done right
match the punishment to behavior
punish in private

9. job design…
arranging work tasks for individuals and groups with the goal of enhancing employee motivation and other outcomes.
traditional approaches include:
simplification
rotation
enlargement

10. job enrichment model… skill variety task identity task significance
autonomy
feedback

11. job enrichment model… core job characteristics
critical psychological states
job outcomes
skill variety
experienced meaningfulness of the work
high internal work motivation
high growth satisfaction
high general job satisfaction
high work effectiveness
task identity
task significance
experienced responsibility for outcomes of the work
autonomy
knowledge of actual results of the work
feedback
employee growth-need strength
knowledge & skills
context satisfactions

12. modern take on job design…
flexible working hours
compressed workweek
job sharing
telecommuting
contingency work
part-time work

13. benefits of job design…
greater satisfaction & morale
greater commitment
greater short-term performance
greater employee retention
improved attendance
improved punctuality