1. Self-management Education Shruti Bajaj Ann Hsieh Hane Kim Persona Hypothesis

2. Who would use this product?  Patients with chronic diseases  Newly-diagnosed  Patients who aren’t self-managing their care  Health professionals  Caregivers

3. What are the users needs and motivations?  To gain confidence to bring them to the point of self-efficacy “The use of EIMT is making it possible for patients to build new practices and routines (e.g., monitoring daily symptoms) around their illness, in a sense changing their perception of control in managing it.” (Jeremy, 2003) “A central concept in self-management is self-efficacy – confidence to carry out a behavior necessary to reach a desired goal.” (Bodenheimer, 2002)

4. What are their needs and motivations in using this product?  To learn self-management skills, such as problem-solving and goal setting “Self-efficacy is enhanced when patients succeed in solving patient-identified problems.” (Bodenheimer, 2002)

5. What are their needs and motivations in using this product?  To minimize physician dependency “This partnership paradigm credits patients with an expertise similar in importance to the expertise of professionals. This paradigm implies that while professionals are experts about diseases, patients are experts about their own lives.” (Bodenheimer, 2002)

6. How radically different might the needs and behaviors be across different kinds of users? The needs can be very different since self-management education is very dependent on the lifestyle of the patient. No one plan will work for all people!

7. Where will the product be used?  Home / Workplace  Doctors office  Community settings such as senior centers, churches, libraries and hospitals

8. How might the physical environment influence how the product will be used? In common, the product is expected to be used personally to find resources and track their treatment and progress, but depending on where to be used, it will be …  Home – Can be referred by family  Workplace –Not intrusive to the work  Doctor’s office – To be shared with doctor about patients’ progress  Community Setting - To be shared with and referred by caregivers

9. Who else besides the end-user has a stake in the success of the product?  Factory/designer of the product or programmer  Health professionals  Caregivers  Families

10. Experience: Interview with ex- Diabetes patient, Mr. Kim Empowerment First!  Need to be empowered to get over disease by being master over the disease  Expert information is not needed to master the disease

11. Experience: Interview with ex- Diabetes patient, Mr. Kim Execution is Essential!  Make a strategy and build it into daily life as a new practice and daily routine  Motivation to execute the plan was from confidence of the treatment, not from frequent monitoring  Did not need much external support except a pedometer and a couple of books; internal motivation is more important

12. Research Articles  Jeremy J. Nobel, M.D., M.P.H., and Gordon K. Norman, M.D., M.B.A, Emerging Information Management Technologies and the Future of Disease Management, 2004  E.D. Lehmann, Application of computers in clinical diabetes care, 1997  T. Bodenheimer, K. Lorig, H. Holman, K. Grumbah. Patient Self-Management of Chronic Disease in Primary Care, 2002