1. The Interactive Cell Tutorial
Created by Samantha Ketover
Kentridge High School
October 2004

2. You have explored cell structures:
You have looked at 2 varieties of cells
Review questions to think about…
What are the two types?
What were the differences in organelles in each type?
What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?

3. One or Many Cells All organisms are made of one or many cells.
Organisms like the paramecium and amoeba are single celled. So are bacteria!
Organisms like humans, baboons, and plants are multi-celled.

4. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Cells can also be either prokaryote or eukaryote.
Prokaryotes are very simple organisms and have only one cell.
Eukaryotes are typically multi-celled and are more complex.

5. Plant vs. Animal
Finally, cells can be either plant or animal in nature.
Plant cell
Animal cell

6. Cells and Organelles
Cells are the basic units of form and function in living things.
Cells have forms (structures) inside them that do different jobs. These structures are called organelles.
Plant and animal cells have many organelles in common.

7. Organelles in Common
Plant and animal cells both have:
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
Cytoskeleton
Nucleolus
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
Vacuole
Centrosomes
Each of these structures does a specific job for the cell!

8. Organelles that are not in common:
Animal cells, but not plant cells have:
Centrosomes with Centrioles
Plant cells, but not animal cells have:
Chloroplasts
Cell walls

9. Animal Cell Exploration
With Centrioles
Cytoskeleton

10. Plant Cell Exploration
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton

11. One Celled Organisms BACK Paramecium

12. Many Celled Organisms BACK Sea anemone Lions and various plants

13. Prokaryotes Only have one cell
Only have cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes and DNA. More on DNA later!
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14. Eukaryotes Complex cells
Organism could be unicellular or multi-cellular
Eukaryotic cells have many cell parts!
Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
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15. Plant Cell
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16. Animal Cell
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17. Cell Membrane Forms the outer boundary of animal cells.
Found inside the cell wall in plant cells.
Determines what can enter and leave a cell.
Made of protein and fat.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

18. Cytoplasm The watery environment of the cell. Animal Cell Plant Cell
135/images/CELLCYTO.GIF

19. Nucleus The command center of the cell.
Contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) the command molecule of the cell.
Surrounded by a membrane.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

20. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Ribosomes are also found floating in the cytoplasm.
Their job is to make proteins that are molecules that help to build and repair cells.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

21. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
The RER is responsible for modifying proteins that have been made by the cell.
It is rough because the RER membrane is studded with ribosomes.
RER portion
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

22. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
The SER has membranes that are not covered in ribosomes.
The SER synthesizes or makes lipids for the cell.
SER portion
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

23. Golgi Body, Apparatus, or Complex
The Golgi Body is responsible for doing the final modifications of proteins in the cell which are to be secreted. They molecularly tag the proteins for secretion.
The Golgi Bodies also produce lysosomes for the cell.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

24. Cytoskeleton Forms the cell’s skeleton.
Made of microfilaments and microtubules which are protein-based structures.
Provides for the cell’s internal structure and also for cellular movement.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

25. Nucleolus The nucleolus is found inside a cell’s nucleus.
The nucleolus makes ribosomes for the cell.
NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

26. Mitochondrion Found in both plant and animal cells.
Performs the process of cellular respiration in which glucose sugar is broken down to provide energy for the cell.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

27. Lysosome Lysosomes are digestive structures in the cell.
They contain enzymes which are molecules that can break other molecules down.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

28. Vacuole Vacuoles serve different functions in plant and animal cells.
In plant cells they store water.
In animal cells they may contain food, water or waste.
Water vacuole in a plant cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

29. Chloroplast Only found in plant cells
Perform photosynthesis a process where glucose sugar and oxygen are made from carbon dioxide and water.
Elodea cells with chloroplasts
Plant Cell

30. Cell Wall Only found in plant cells.
Made of a carbohydrate called cellulose
Provides structure and support for plant cells
Plant Cell

31. Centrosome with Centrioles
Only found in animal cells.
Help to organize the movement of DNA packages in structures called chromosomes during cell division.
Animal Cell

32. Centrosome without Centrioles
Found only in plant cells.
Help to organize the movement of DNA during plant cell division.
Plant Cell

33. Cell Theory All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic units of form and function in living things.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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34. Nuclear Membrane
A double membrane that encloses genetic material in Eukaryotic cells
Separates contents of nucleus from cytosol
Many nuclear pores are present so that protein and genetic material may pass

35. The End! Learn more at Cells Alive Try out an online quiz!
Quia Cell Games
The next question to explore…
What are cells and their organelles made of?