1. 1 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Overview on Grimm Aerosol Spectrometer for IAQ Part 1 Part 1 Motivation (dust, health, regulations, …) Principle function (optical light scattering) Models and specifications Part 2 Part 2 Applications Occupational Health/Research

2. 2 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider The Hazard potential of airborne aerosols is not alone given by the total mass of the dust. A further danger proceeds from the size distribution of airborne particles. Therefore a system should be able to measure both mass and size (with high accuracy and time resolution)! Motivation: what‘s dust? PM10 Filter Lienz, 20.12.2002 Day-mean PM10: 57µg/m³ soot (0.1-1µm) raod traffic glas spheres (1.5-3µm) domestic combustion road salt (4µm) antropogenic mineral dust (3-10µm) wind erosion bacteria (app. 1.5µm) natural, wind erosion

3. 3 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Motivation: Effect on human health, Deposition of dust in the human lung Inhaled dust Inhalable Fraction Inhalable Fraction Fraction passing the larynx and getting into the thorax Thoracic Fraction The fine particles, entering the more than 300 Mio. alveolic bubbles Alveolic Fraction

4. 4 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Motivation: legal situation, outdoor and indoor (workplace, IAQ) Quelle: Fellner-et-al, Endbericht, Chemische Charakterisierung von PM10 in Graz 40µg/m³ guideline 1999/30/EG since 1. 2005 limit value for PM10 (year): 40µg/m³ PM10 (day): 50µg/m³ (50µg/m³ allowed only for 35 days/year!) guideline for workplaces e.g. EN 481 limit values (MAK, PEL, OEL,...) mostly for 8h working time Indoor (IAQ) no limit values but recomended values only

5. 5 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Regulations: mass fractions PM x for environment (outdoor) PM2.5PM10

6. 6 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Regulations: mass fractions EN 481 for workplaces (indoor) alveolic inhalablethoracic

7. 7 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Regulations: mass fractions indoor and outdoor alveolic inhalablethoracicPM2.5PM10

8. 8 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Workplace: limit values The most important standards and rules for the workplaces are: EN 481 (inhalable, thoracic and respirable fraction) ISO 7708 (like EN 481) TRGS 900 (Technical Rules of Dangerous Materials) OSHA Standard No. 1910 (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) DIN ISO 7708

9. 9 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Workplace: example TRGS limit valuesCAS No.material A = respirable E = inhalable gaseous ppmmg/m³ CAS-Nr. = Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number

10. 10 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Workplace: limit values The limit values are set up and published through: CEN (Europen Committee for Standardization) DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung) BGIA (Occupational Institute for Industrial Safety) NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) OSHA (Occupational Safety + Health Administration)

11. 11 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Grimm Aerosol Technik Indoor Air Monitor Instruments For all applications where particle number concentration or particle mass (according to EN 481, mass distribution or indoor vs. outdoor) is needed, with high time and size resolution and for battery powered portable use! This is the GRIMM Indoor Air Monitoring product line!

12. 12 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Principle: single particle light scattering, Grimm spectrometer principle

13. 13 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Principles of particle detection: Dual! high end spectrometry + gravimetric filter aerosol focusing in real time for particle number concentration and size distribution for gravimetric validation of particle mass Dual technology in one device! Grimm patent!

14. 14 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Principles of particle detection: Dual! high end spectrometry + gravimetric filter filter chamber, open with 47 mm PTFE filter particle number concentration and size distribution with high time resolution and size resolution

15. 15 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider TSP WRAC (Wilson and Suh, 1996) Particle Size in (µm) TSP Hi-vol Mass/ log D (µg 3 /m 3 ) GRIMM AEROSOL SPECTROMETER RANGE – 31 channels Mass size distributions and size fractions PM10 PM2.5 PM1 DIFFUSIONSEDIMENTATION

16. 16 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider specification: Grimm spectrometer 1.109 with 31 size channels and integrated PFTE-filter Specifications #1.109 Particle counting up to 2 000 000 P/l Dust range [µg/m³] 0.1…>100 000 Size Range [µm] 0.25…>32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts 32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/ 0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/ 7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µm Sample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, volume controlled Power supply battery 12VDC (up to 8h) or 110…230VAC Weight/Dimensions 2.4 kg (5.3lb) with battery / 24 x 13 x 7 cm Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels Particle mass fractions in µg/m³, simultaneously according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable) and environmental (PM 10, PM 2.5, PM 1 ) Data output via Windows ® software

17. 17 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider specification: 1.129 Sky-OPC with critical orifice, independent of ambient pressure Specifications #1.129 Particle counting up to 2 000 000 P/l Dust range [µg/m³] 0.1…>100 000 Size Range [µm] 0.25…>32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts 32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/ 0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/ 7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µm Power supply 12 VDC external, only Sample air flow rate 1.2 l/min constant, with critical orifice Weight/Dimensions 2.915 kg / 25.5 x 18.2 x 7.2 cm Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels. No filter validation for Particle mass fractions according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable) and environmental (PM 10, PM 2.5, PM 1 ) Data output via Windows ® software

18. 18 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider specification: 1.209 Bioaerosol spec. with particle sampling on glass slide (+ microscope) Specifications #1.109 Particle counting up to 2 000 000 P/l Dust range [µg/m³] 0.1…>100 000 Size Range [µm] 0.25…>32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts 32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/ 0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/ 7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µm Sample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, volume controlled Power supply battery 12VDC (up to 8h) or 110…230VAC Weight/Dimensions 2.4 kg (5.3lb) with battery / 24 x 13 x 7 cm Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels. No filter validation for Particle mass fractions according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable) and environmental (PM 10, PM 2.5, PM 1 ) Data output via Windows ® software

19. 19 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider specification: 1.320 Nano attachment for 1.108/1.109 measures Nano counts and mean diameter Specifications #1.320 Size Range 25…300nm Size channels 1 accumulative Particle counting >500 P/ccm Sample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, via 1.10X volume controlled Power supply battery 12VDC (16h) or 110…230VAC Weight/Dimensions 1.4 kg / 12 x 7 x 7 cm Mean particle concentration in particles/ccm, for whole size range and mean particle diameter in nm. Data output via Windows ® software Portable, no butanol, no radioaktive source!

20. 20 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: IAQ and Occupational model 1.108 and 1.109 model 1.108 and 1.109 Occupational workplace monitoring EN 481 monitoring and PTFE-filter analysis for heavy metal Nano Counter attachment for Indoor application, model 1320 IAQ (indoor air quality) monitoring laser printer emissions, IAQ mass fractions and counts ventilation efficiency control at workplaces IAQ-research passive smoking, comparison indoor and outdoor (PM, EN 481) emissions of laser printers, with high time resolution Industrial process control isokinetic in stack sampling droplet measurements, size distribution stationary and mobile monitoring of dust with alarm unit

21. 21 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Filter testing, ventilation control, Wide Range continuing model 1.108 and 1.109 continuing model 1.108 and 1.109 Atmospheric research measurements with airplanes, battery powered high time resolution vertical profiling of urban aerosols WRAS Wide Range Aerosol Spectrometer emission control and ambient air monitoring model 1.129 Sky-OPC, 1.209 Bioaerosol Spec. model 7.300, 7.309, 7.310 an 7.209 model 1.129 Sky-OPC, 1.209 Bioaerosol Spec. Atmospheric research Bioaerosol research and monitoring model 7.300, 7.309, 7.310 an 7.209 Filter-testing, ventilation control filter test systems, filter test rig online ventilation control

22. 10th China Aerosol Conference Changchun, July 26-Aug. 1, 2009 15/20 Measurement Results Measured along the highway from Graz to Linz in Austria. Austria is a mountainous country in central Europe and thus many highways often pass through many mountain tunnels Spectrometer 1.109 A car (TDS BMW) ran in front of our car. Gleinalmtunnel (8.3km) Bolsrucktunnel (5.5km) Speringtunnel 2.8km and Klausertunnel 2.1km When we passed by some heavy duty trucks (LKW), the instrument showed several subpeaks.

23. 23 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Occupational work- place monitoring + PTFE filter for chemistry 1.108 in indoor fibre- glass protection housing, model 164, with sensor for temperature and relative humidity. PTFE filter used for chemical analysis of heavy metal. Work place monitoring in production area, Ecoanalytic, Switzerland, 2008

24. 24 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Occupational work- place monitoring + 1320 Nano attachment 1.108 or 1.109 with Nano attachment model 1320 for workplace monitoring of ultra fine particles and dust mass fractions (or counts), with one portable system. Grimm Aerosol Technik, 2008

25. 25 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Nanoparticle Exposure during Soldering background soldering combustion and decay

26. 26 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: IAQ Indoor Air Quality monitoring of laser printer emissions 1.108 online IAQ monitoring for fast results in offices. Emissions of laser printers (IAQ mass fractions and counts in 15 channels). IAQ measurement in office, Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Magdeburg, Germany, 2008 IAQ mass fractions counts (15 channels)

27. 27 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: IAQ Indoor Air Quality, ventilation control 1.108 with sampling inlet 1.111 and sensor for humidity, temperature and velocity model 1.154. Control of ventilation system at workplaces. IAQ measurement in production area, TECAN, Austria 2006

28. 28 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: IAQ-research Indoor Air Quality, PM values in Pubs Online measurement outdoor and indoor with 1.108 and sampling inlet model 1.111 acc. to European guideline EN 481, measuring simultaneously inhalable, thoracic and alveolic mass fraction (or PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 for relative comparisons). Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg, Lungenabteilung, 2006

29. 29 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: IAQ-research PM in offices, Scientific research Measuring particle emission from copy machines and laser printers in offices online with high time resolution with 1.108. University of Gießen, Germany, 2006 Printing!

30. 30 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Industrial process control, isokinetic in stack sampling Model 1.152 sampling probe for isokinetic in stack sampling with four changeable inlets for air speeds up to 25m/s and air recirculation with pipe in pipe technology to measure without exerting pressure!

31. 31 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Industrial process control for solid particles AND liquid droplets 1.109 with model 1.152 for isokinetic sampling and model 1.154 sensor for humidity, temperature and velocity. Measuring of particle size distribution of droplets under various operation conditions. LUMI Michelbach, Germany and Grimm Aerosol Technik, 2008

32. 32 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Industrial process control, stationary and mobile with alarm unit 1.108 with acoustical and visual alarm unit in indoor fibre-glass protection housing, model 164 with T and rH sensor. EADS, Augsburg, 2007 1.108 with acoustical and visual alarm unit (model 1.147C), if a dust threshold is exceeded. Specification: 110dB sound and flashing light.

33. 33 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: atmospheric research, airborne particle distribution Airplane measurements with 1.108 for particle size distribution, online and battery powered! Campaign in Australia, IMK-Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 2007

34. 34 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: atmospheric research physical properties and chemistry Spectrometer mounted at a Cessna wing cross beam with a isokinetic inlet for particle sampling inlet during flight. University of Hohenheim and FU-Berlin, 1998 Engelhardt T., (2005): Lasermikrosonden-Massenspektrometrie atmosphärischer Aerosolpartikel. Dissertation, Universität Hohenheim, 2004, ISBN 3-8322-3598-1, Shaker Verlag GmbH, Aachen. 1.108 spectrometer mini-cascade impactors for aerosol particle sampling isokinetic sampling probe plexiglas wind protection

35. 35 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: atmospheric research vertical aerosol profiling, Milano, Italy 1.108 spectrometer for vertical aerosol profiling with a balloon With permission of Luca Ferrero, Milano Bicocca University, Italy, presented at EAC, Salzburg 2007

36. 36 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: mobile WRAS for exhaust emissions, 3 locations, Bozen, Italy Background air Highway Sampling system, with permission of Dioxin Monitoring Systems, Kottingbrunn, Austria WRAS SMPS+C and 1.108 Thermal waste combustion energy plant Exhaust air

37. 37 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: atmospheric research in high altitudes, Sky-OPC model 1.129 IfT Leipzig, Germany, 2008 Helicopter carried platform ACTOS with 1.129 Sky-OPC for measuring submicron particles with 1 second time resolution up to 6km altitude, independent on air pressure.

38. 38 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Bioaerosol research, model 1.209 Bioaerosol spectrometer In the lab: Bio-aerosol wind tunnel for testing emission and impaction of micro organisms. In the field: Bioaerosol particles sampled in a stable for animal husbandry. University of Hannover, Institute of Animal Science, Germany, 2007

39. 39 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Filter testing principles - volume controlled filter test, simultaneous upstream and downstream measurements - continuous filter testing for ventilation control - filter test according to ASHRAE - automobile filter test according to ISO 5011 - and others

40. 40 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Filter tests, test rigs with Grimm technology inside Filter test system e.g. with Grimm Model 7.309 (fine) or 7.310 (coarse) for validation of air filters, e.g. used for cars and automotive industry. Mann + Hummel, Germany published in “Messen und Sensorik” 2008 Filter, used in Audi A8

41. 41 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Applications: Ventilation control with 7.209 dual filter tester Electrostatic participator for 50 m³/sec Airflow Online efficiency control of ventilation systems (e.g. electrostatic participators in tunnels) with dual filter tester model 7.209. Upstream and downstream simultaneously! Data output in counts (31 channels) or mass. Filtrontec, Germany (tunnel project Calle30, Madrid, Spain), 2007-2008

42. 42 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider number size mass Grimm instruments measure particle number concentration and particle size and you can obtain particle mass with high time resolution and high accuracy! For indoor AND outdoor application!