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CYTOPLASM (Between nucleus and cell membrane)

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Presentation on theme: "CYTOPLASM (Between nucleus and cell membrane)"— Presentation transcript:

1 CYTOPLASM (Between nucleus and cell membrane)
Image from: Organelles suspended in gel-like goo ORGANELLE- small structure with a specific function (job) Image from:

2 NUCLEUS Surrounded by NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (also called NUCLEAR MEMBRANE)
DOUBLE MEMBRANE Image from:

3 NUCLEUS NUCLEAR PORES Openings to allow molecules to move in and out of nucleus Image from:

4 WHAT DOES IT DO? Contains genetic material (DNA) DNA is scrunched up
as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells DNA is spread out as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells

5 WHAT DOES IT DO? Control center of cell Genetic code tells the
Image from: Genetic code tells the cell’s parts what to do Image from:

6 NUCLEOLUS Dark spot in nucleus = __________ NUCLEOLUS
Image from: Dark spot in nucleus = __________ NUCLEOLUS Makes RNA for ribosomes

7 CYTOSKELETON Helps cell maintain shape Help move organelles around
Image from: CYTOSKELETON Helps cell maintain shape Help move organelles around Made of PROTEINS: MICROFILAMENTS (Actin) & MICROTUBULES (Tubulin) Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved

8 CENTRIOLES Appear during cell division to guide chromosomes apart

9 MITOCHONDRIA Surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Has its own DNA
Folded inner membrane increases surface area for more chemical reactions Image from:

10 WHAT DOES IT DO? “Powerplant of cell” Burns glucose to release energy
Images from: “Powerplant of cell” Burns glucose to release energy Stores energy as ATP Image by: Riedell

11  RIBOSOMES Made of PROTEINS and RNA
Protein factory for cell Join amino acids to make proteins Image by: RIedell Image from:

12 RIBOSOMES Can be attached to Rough ER OR free in cytoplasm
Image from: Can be attached to Rough ER OR free in cytoplasm Image from:

13 ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Has RIBOSOMES attached Proteins are made on ribosomes and inserted into Rough ER to be modified and transported Image from:

14 SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER)
Image from: Has NO ribosomes attached Has enzymes for special tasks

15 SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER)
Image from: Makes membrane lipids (steroids) Regulates calcium (muscle cells) Destroys toxic substances (Liver)

16 GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
Image from: Image from: Pancake like membrane stacks Modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage OR transport out of cell Image from:

17 LYSOSOMES Digest food, unwanted molecules,
Animation from: Membrane bound sacs that contain PROTEINS called digestive enzymes Digest food, unwanted molecules, old organelles, cells, bacteria, etc

18 FLAGELLA Help in cell movement

19 CILIA Animation from: Move cell itself

20 CILIA Move substances past cells

21 WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT PLANT CELLS?
Cell wall HUGE vacuoles Chloroplasts No centrioles Plant vs Animal cells

22 CELL WALL Supports and protects cell
Outside of cell membrane Made of carbohydrates & proteins Plant cell walls are mainly _____________ CELLULOSE

23 VACUOLES Image from: Storage space for WATER, salts, proteins (enzymes), carbohydrates, and waste Vacuoles SMALL in ANIMAL CELLS NO VACUOLES IN BACTERIA

24 CHLOROPLASTS Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)
Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)

25 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2 Nuclear envelope Ribosome (attached) (free) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Cell wall Cell Membrane Chloroplast Vacuole Plant Cell

26 WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT BACTERIAL CELLS?
Cell wall NO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DNA is circular No membrane bound organelles See video

27 BACTERIA have a CELL WALL BUT…
IT’S MADE OF DIFFERENT MOLECULESthan plant cell walls! _______________ NOT CELLULOSE! More on this in Chapter 18! Image from: PEPTIDOGLYCAN

28 WHICH IS BIGGER? _________ > _____________ > ___________
Plant cell Animal cell bacteria _________ > _____________ > ___________

29 DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA ANIMAL CELL
Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Cell membrane Nuclear membrane NO nuclear membrane NO cell wall Cell wall made of CELLULOSE Cell wall made of PEPTIDOGLYCAN Has ribosomes DNA in multiple chromosomes DNA in multiple chromosomes DNA is a single circular ring CYTOSKELETON Small vacuoles Really big vacuole NO vacuoles Has lysosomes NO lysosomes Has centrioles NO centrioles NO chloroplasts Chloroplasts SMALLER SMALL SMALLEST

30 BACTERIA are PROKARYOTES PLANTS & ANIMALS are EUKARYOTES
No membrane bound organelles Organelles with membranes BACTERIA are PROKARYOTES PLANTS & ANIMALS are EUKARYOTES

31 USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANKS TO COMPLETE THE VENN DIAGRAM COMPARISON


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