1. Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table

2. Skim Section 1 of your book
Skim Section 1 of your book. Write three questions that come to mind from reading the headings and looking at the illustrations.
How was the periodic table developed?
What are metals, nonmetals and metalloids?
How is the periodic table organized?

3. New Vocabulary
group
metalloid
representative
element
metal
transition
nonmetal
period
column of elements in the periodic table that have similar physical or chemical properties.
element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmentals
element in Groups 1, 2, or 13-18
element that has a shiny luster, is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is malleable, and is ductile
element in Groups 3-12
element that is usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature and does not conduct heat and electricity well
row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually

4. Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table
History of the Periodic Table
I. Mendeleev’s contributions
A. Arranged elements according to increasing atomic mass
B. Placed elements with similar properties in groups
C. Left spaces for predicted missing elements
II. Moseley’s contributions
A. Arranged elements according to atomic number
B. Showed how many elements had not yet been found.

5. Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table
Distinguish a period from a group by completing the sentences.
A period is
a row of elements.
A group is
column of elements with similar properties.

6. Metals Nonmetals Metalloids shiny malleable (hammer) ductile (wires)
good conductor
of heat, electricity
solids
dull
brittle (break)
not good
conductors
many are gases
share some
properties with
metals and some
with nonmetals
semimetal

7. LABEL the block below with the information you would find about hydrogen in its element key.
element name
symbol 1
atomic number
atomic mass
state of matter
1.008

8. GROUPS
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS 1 18
TRANSITION ELEMENTS 1 2 13 14 15 16 17
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 P E R I O D S 7

9. Section 2: Representative Elements1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17

10. Section 2 Representative Elements
ACTIVE
A. Groups 1 and 2 are __________________ metals found in nature combined with other elements
although hydrogen is placed in Group 1, it is not a metal and shares properties with Groups 1 & 17.
1. ______________________ - silvery solids with low densities and low melting points; they
increase in reactivity from top to bottom of the periodic table.
2. _______________________________ are denser, harder, have higher melting points and are
slightly less active than alkali metals in the same period.
B. Groups 13 through 18 may contain ___________________, _______________________, or
__________________________ in solid, liquid, or gas form.
1. The ______________________ elements in Group 13 are all metals, except for boron, which is a
metalloid; these elements are used in a variety of products.
2. The ______________________ are all metalloids or metals, except for carbon itself.
A. Carbon is found in all _____________________________ and exists in several forms.
B. Silicon and germanium are used in electronics as ____________________________.
C. Tin and ____________________ are the two heaviest elements in Group 14.
ALKALI METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
METALS
NONMETALS
METALLOIDS
BORON FAMILY
CARBON GROUP
LIVING THINGS
SEMICONDUCTORS
LEAD

11. Section 2 Representative Elements
NITROGEN GROUP
3. The _____________________________ contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which are required
by living things and which are used in industry.
4. The _____________________________ contains oxygen and sulfur, which are essential for life
and used to manufacture many products.
5. The _____________________________ elements form salts with sodium and with the other
alkali metals.
6. The ________________________ rarely combine with other elements; they are often used in
lighting and inflating balloons.
OXYGEN FAMILY
HALOGEN GROUP
NOBLE GASES

12. Groups 1 and 2: Summarize the properties of the alkali metals.
Density
LOW
Color & State
Melting Point
Alkali
Metals
SILVERY SOLIDS
LOW
Reactivity
HIGH; INCREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
Compare and contrast: the alkaline earth metals and the alkali metals.
The alkaline earth metals are harder, denser and have higher melting points than the alkali metals. The alkali metals are more reactive.

13. All the elements in group 13 are ____________ except
Groups 13 through 18: Summarize the information about elements in the Boron Family by filling in the missing words.
METALS
All the elements in group 13 are ____________ except
_____________, which is a metalloid. The elements in this
family are used to make many different things. Pots and
pans made with ______________ can move straight from
the refrigerator to the oven without cracking. ____________
is used to make soft drink cans. ______________, which
will melt in your hands, is used to make computer chips.
BORON
BORON
ALUMINUM
GALLIUM

14. COMPARE the elements in the carbon group
Section 2 Representative Elements
COMPARE the elements in the carbon group
Metal, Non-metal, or
Metalloid?
Where it is Found
or How it is Used?
Carbon
nonmetal
Silicon
metalloid
Germanium
Tin
metal
Lead
occurs in all living things
abundant in sand
semiconductors in electronics
used in toothpaste
used in X-ray equipment

15. important for healthy bones and teeth
Complete the outline to identify important points about certain
elements in Groups 15 and 16.
I. Group 15
A. __________________: makes up about 80% of the air you breathe.
B. Phosphorus: ____________________________________________________________.
II. Group 16
A. Oxygen: _________________________________________________________________.
B. __________________: combines with hydrogen and oxygen to make sulfuric acid, one of
of the most commonly used chemicals.
C. Selenium: ________________________________________________________________.
IDENTIFY at least one important fact about each group of elements.
Halogens: _______________________________________________________________________________.
Noble Gases: ______________________________________________________________________________.
Nitrogen
important for healthy bones and teeth
needed by your body to get energy from food
Sulfur
conducts electricity when it is in light
makes salts with sodium and other alkali metals
often do not combine with other elements

16. Section 3 Transition Elements
Catalyst: substance that can make something happen faster but is not changed itself.

17. Most are found combined in ores
IDENTIFY four key characteristics of the transition elements including their location in the periodic table.
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________
Located in groups 3-12
All are metals
Properties change less across a period for transition elements than they do for representative elements
Most are found combined in ores

18. magnetic and other properties
Section 3 Transition Elements
Iron Triad
What these elements have in common: __________________________
magnetic and other properties
iron
cobalt
nickel
Element: ________
Uses:
Element: ________
Uses:
Element: ________
Uses:
part of hemoglobin; mixed with other metals to make steel
used in batteries and large magnets
used in large magnets

19. Identify uses of transition elements. Elements Uses Tungsten
Mercury
Elements in Platinum Group
used to make filaments in lightbulbs
used in thermometers and barometers
used as catalysts to make electronics, plastics and medicines

20. Compare and Contrast the lanthanides and actinides Lanthanides
Properties
Uses
soft metals; cut with a
knife; hard to separate
from ores
radioactive; most are
synthetic (man-made)
fuel in nuclear power
plants; smoke detectors;
kill cancer cells
used in flints; color TV
screens

21. crash into one another at high speeds
Summarize how scientists create synthetic elements.
the nuclei of atoms
Using a particle accelerator scientists make ____________________________
_____________________________________________. The nuclei
___________________________ to form _________________________________.
Some of these elements are _________________________ and last only
_____________________________________.
crash into one another at high speeds
may stick together
new, heavier elements
very unstable
a fraction of a second
Identify two ways dentists and orthodontists use transition elements.
Amalgam fillings include mercury.
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
Orthodontists use nickel and titanium alloys for wires.

22. ALKALI
METALS

23. silvery solids with low densities found in many things - salts & foods
GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS
silvery solids with low densities
found in many things - salts & foods
Lose 1 electron

24. ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS

25. denser and harder than alkali metals not as reactive Lose 2 electrons
GROUP 2: ALKALINE EARTH METALS
denser and harder than alkali metals
not as reactive
Lose 2 electrons

26. ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
BORON
FAMILY

27. used in pots and pans, cans and computer chips Lose 3 electrons
GROUP 13: BORON FAMILY
used in pots and pans, cans and computer chips
Lose 3 electrons

28. ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
CARBON
GROUP
BORON
FAMILY

29. carbon is found in all living things
GROUP 14: CARBON GROUP
carbon is found in all living things
silicon is in sand and used as semiconductor
Gain or Lose 4 electrons

30. ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
NITROGEN
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
BORON
FAMILY

31. phosphorus is used in matches Gain 3 electrons
GROUP 15: NITROGEN GROUP
nitrogen makes up 80% of the air; it’s absorbed in the body by eating plants
phosphorus is used in matches
Gain 3 electrons

32. ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
NITROGEN FAMILY
OXYGEN FAMILY
BORON FAMILY
CARBON GROUP

33. sulfur is used in paints and fertilizers Gain 2 electrons
GROUP 16: OXYGEN FAMILY
oxygen is essential for life; makes up 20% of Earth’s atmosphere (ozone)
sulfur is used in paints and fertilizers
Gain 2 electrons

34. ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
NITROGEN FAMILY
OXYGEN FAMILY
BORON FAMILY
CARBON GROUP
HALOGENS

35. the salt formers - combine with alkali metals (NaCl)
GROUP 17: THE HALOGENS
the salt formers - combine with alkali metals (NaCl)
chlorine is used to kill bacteria in water (swimming pool)
Gain 1 electron

36. NOBLE GASES
ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
NITROGEN FAMILY
OXYGEN FAMILY
BORON FAMILY
CARBON GROUP
HALOGENS

37. do not like to combine with other elements used in lightbulbs, lights
GROUP 18: THE NOBLE GASES
all gases
do not like to combine with other elements
used in lightbulbs, lights
GAIN/LOSE 0 ELECTRONS

38. NOBLE GASES
ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
NITROGEN FAMILY
OXYGEN FAMILY
BORON FAMILY
CARBON GROUP
HALOGENS
LANTHANIDES

39. NOBLE GASES
ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
NITROGEN FAMILY
OXYGEN FAMILY
BORON FAMILY
CARBON GROUP
HALOGENS
LANTHANIDES
ACTINIDES

40. NOBLE GASES
ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
NITROGEN FAMILY
OXYGEN FAMILY
BORON FAMILY
CARBON GROUP
HALOGENS
IRON TRIAD
LANTHANIDES
ACTINIDES

41. NOBLE GASES
ALKALI
METALS
ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
NITROGEN FAMILY
OXYGEN FAMILY
BORON FAMILY
CARBON GROUP
HALOGENS
IRON TRIAD
LANTHANIDES
PLATINUM GROUP
ACTINIDES