1. A prefix-based approach for managing hybrid specifications in complex packet filtering Author: Nizar Ben Neji, Adel Bouhoula Publisher: Computer Networks 56 (2012) Presenter: Yu Hao, Tzeng Date: 2012/11/ 1

2. Outline Introdution Proposed technique Performance Conclusion 2

3. Introduction A packet filter must support rule sets involving any type of condition. Prefix-based packet filters have gained wide acceptance in the research community for storing. Range-based fields need to be converted into a set of standard prefixes to guarantee the homogeneity. Since multiple packet header fields can contain several range specifications, a single rule may require multiple memory entries. The difficulty lies in the fact that multiple memory entries have to be allocated to represent a rule containing various range specifications. 3

4. Introduction (Cont.) DRPC (direct range to prefix conversion) Example : 4

5. Introduction (Cont.) The NAF (Non-Adjacent Form) conversion method lets us obtain a better conversion ratio than the previous proposed solutions. Example : 5

6. Introduction (Cont.) 6

7. 7

8. Proposed technique 8

9. Proposed technique (Cont.) NAF conversion of arbitrary range Direct range-to-prefix conversion (DRPC) Indirect range to signed prefixes (IRSP) Lower{} is a list of Integers Upper{} is a list of Integers Sign{} is a binary list 9

10. Proposed technique (Cont.) NAF conversion of arbitrary range Example : 10

11. Proposed technique (Cont.) NAF conversion of arbitrary range Direct range to signed prefixes (DRSP) DRSP is better than the indirect conversion in terms of time since it lets us avoid the use of two conversion stages. Arbitrary RangeSigned Prefixes DRSP 11

12. Proposed technique (Cont.) NAF conversion of arbitrary range Direct range to signed prefixes (DRSP) isElementaryRange() is a boolean function that takes as entry an arbitrary w-bit range [l, u] and tells whether it can be represented using a single prefix or not. extendedRange() takes as entry an arbitrary range [l, u] and returns as a result the smallest elementary range covering it. addSignedPrefix() stores the resulting signed prefixes in the lists Lower{}, Upper{} and Sign{}. 12

13. Proposed technique (Cont.) NAF conversion of arbitrary range Algorithm 13

14. Proposed technique (Cont.) Building the two-staged data structure 14

15. Proposed technique (Cont.) 15

16. Proposed technique (Cont.) Building the two-staged data structure 16

17. Proposed technique (Cont.) 17

18. Proposed technique (Cont.) 18

19. Proposed technique (Cont.) 19

20. Performance 20

21. Performance (Cont.) 21

22. Performance (Cont.) 22

23. Conclusion In this paper, the essential issues related to the resolution of the range matching problem arising in the packet filtering process were thoroughly examined and efficiently solved using the new concept of signed prefixes. 23