1. In this powerpoint, you will learn about:
Cell theory
Difference between eukaryote sand prokaryotes
Endoysymbiosis explained
Organelle structure and function
This is important information and will take some effort to learn.
You may want to make flashcards.

2. Beginnings of the Cell Theory
1665: Robert Hooke first observed cells in a piece of cork.
1675: Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed living cells and microorganisms.

3. Beginnings of the Cell Theory
1838: Matthias Schleiden—all plants are made of cells.
1839: Theodor Schwann—animals are made of cells.
1855: Rudolf Virchow—cells can only arise from other cells.

4. These scientists helped form what is now known as the cell theory:
All living things are composed of cells
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things
New cells originate from existing cells

5. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Smaller
Simpler structure
Lacks most organelles
DNA NOT within a membrane (no nucleus)

6. Early cellular life on earth
Endosymbiosis theory
Some prokaryotic organisms that made their own food were engulfed by eukaryotic organisms
They experienced symbiosis (two different species benefitting from living and working together)

7. Evidence that supports endosymbiosis
They have a double membrane surrounding their inner structure
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA
They produce proteins and enzymes that they need in order to function
They are able to replicate their own DNA and direct their own division, just like bacterial cells do

9. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Larger
More complex structure
Has a nucleus (DNA within a membrane)
Many types of organelles

10. Concept Map Cells Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Animals Plants Fungi Bacteria
Can be
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
found in
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Contain
Organelles
Lack
Bacteria
Known as

11. Eukaryotic Cells Two major types: Many different organelles Plant
Animal
Many different organelles
Organelle: a structure within a cell that carries out a certain function

12. Major organelles: Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Lysosomes Nucleolus Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Centrioles
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Smooth ER
Rough ER

13. Nucleus Nucleolus Control center of cell Contains DNA
Directs protein synthesis
Nucleolus
Within nucleus
Makes ribosomes
Chromatin surrounds

14. Cell Membrane Controls what enters and leaves cell
Provides protection and support
Layer of lipids and proteins
Cell Membrane

15. Cytoplasm
Everything in the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Comprised of a jelly-like substance that suspends the organelles
Site of most cell activity

16. Ribosomes Produce proteins Instructions from the nucleus
Either floating free in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
A system of membranes that connect nuclear membrane to cell membrane.
Involved in transport
Two types
Rough ER
Smooth ER

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER
Ribosomes on surface – “rough”
Makes membrane proteins
Smooth ER
Contains enzymes that synthesize certain molecules like lipids
Drug detoxification
Rough
Smooth

19. Golgi Apparatus “Stack of pancakes”
Modifies, packages and secretes cell products

20. Lysosomes Contains digestive enzymes
Digest food, damaged organelles, and other waste

21. Vacuoles Much larger in plant cells
Serve as storage for nutrients, water and waste products
Plant cell vacuole
Animal cell vacuoles

22. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell
Provides energy to the cell in the form of ATP

23. Centrioles
Found in ANIMAL Cells
Involved in animal cell reproduction

24. Cell Wall Plant cells ONLY!
On the outside of the cell membrane of plant cells
Rigid
Provides support and protection

25. Chloroplasts Plant cells ONLY!
Contain chlorophyll, a pigment, which gives plants their green color
Captures sunlight in order to produce food for the plant through photosynthesis