1. Unit 3 People and Places A – Migration 3. Why do people migrate from or go to new places? Textbook UNIT 5.3 p 122 – 123 and UNIT 5.7 p 128 - 129

2. 2 Last week …. … we looked at the kinds of migration that took place – one country to another, from rural to urban environments within their own countries … There was a hint that perhaps the reasons for doing this varied from situation to situation. These week we are going to look at the reasons in a bit more detail. We are going to attempt to form a model that will help to make this clearer.

3. 3 Just to give you a few ideas, here are some of the major migration that have taken place

4. 4 New Terms Push factors Push factors are those that encourage a person to leave a place pull factors While pull factors attract people to go to a new place. This was an idea proposed by Everett Lee in the 1960s For some migrants push factors are the most important For others the pull factors are the more important But for most it is a combination of the 2.

5. 5 What might the push factors be? My name is Roze. I come from Lithuania each Summer to England My name is Robert. I come from Montserrat 10 years ago when my island was devastated by a volcanic eruption My name is John. I come from Sudan with my brother quite recently

6. 6 What might the pull factors be? My name is Roze. I come from Lithuania each Summer to England My name is Robert. I come from Montserrat 10 years ago when my island was devastated by a volcanic eruption My name is John. I come from Sudan with my brother quite recently

7. 7 Pull Factors These are particularly important for people from rural areas in LEDCs but also for those living in MEDCs who want to move to urban areas. Cities seem so attractive as they appear to offer better paid jobs, better housing and services. However, often, these are just perceptions of what places are like. The reality may be very different when they arrive with job and nowhere to stay – remember the favelas?

8. 8 The push and pull of moving from the city to the country This is a more recent trend in MEDCs. The push is to get away from noise, pollution, congestion and the high price of property. The pull factors include more space, attractive countryside, cheaper property prices and a generally quieter lifestyle. However once they get there, the townies find that there is little public transport and restricted choice of services and schools.

9. 9 But it is not just about pushes and pulls If it was, then a lot more people would be on the move! If you were either being pushed out of one place or pulled towards another or were subject to a combination of the 2, then what reason is there to stay? All sorts of things get in the way – these are called intervening obstacles. What do you think these might be?

10. 10 What might have been the intervening obstacles to these people coming here in the first place? My name is Roze. I come from Lithuania each Summer to England My name is Robert. I come from Montserrat 10 years ago when my island was devastated by a volcanic eruption My name is John. I come from Sudan with my brother quite recently

11. 11 This is Lee’s Model of migration

12. 12 A map of Italy showing the places Red/blue are Alianello Nuovo and Aliano Yellow is Brindisi Purple is Milan Pink is Turin

13. 13 Distinguish between PUSH PULL INTERVENTION GEN INFO Guiseppe (Joey) lives in Aliano Calabrian holidays are being heavily marketed now. Grandpa’s house is large but old-fashioned. Summers are hot but Winters can be bitterly cold EU grants to Southern Italy are a major part of life in Aliano Many people in Aliano are over 55 years old.

14. 14 Distinguish between PUSH PULL INTERVENTION GEN INFO There is a primary school in Aliano Modern “Starter-homes” now available in Alianello Nuovo. Grandpa is keen on Verdi- especially ‘La Traviata’ Joey loves birdwatching. Migration time is a lovely time for him in Aliano. Earthquakes restrict further growth in the hilltop town areas. Only the elderly seem to work the land these days.

15. 15 Distinguish between PUSH PULL INTERVENTION GEN INFO He lives with Grandpa, 76 years of age. Increasing affluence is a marked feature of life in Aliano. Guiseppe has 5 uncles, 3 grandparents and a Godfather. Joey met a young blonde at college. She works in Milan these days. Joey can handle a shotgun with ease. You can’t beat those peaceful sunsets over the mountains.

16. 16 Distinguish between PUSH PULL INTERVENTION GEN INFO Joey went to the University of Brindisi. He is a qualified car mechanic. There is no shortage of part time work for the active population in Aliano. Fiat are looking for unskilled workers in Turin. 15 cousins live nearby in Aliano. Joey loves big family get togethers. Northern Italians are not quite the same somehow! EU grants have made small tractors more numerous.

17. 17 Distinguish between PUSH PULL INTERVENTION GEN INFO Mosquitoes still plague the river valleys. Torrential winter rain erodes soil. Why did they build that Autostrada? It is empty. Joey’s girlfriend in Milan can afford the latest fashions. Coastal oil refineries spoil the look of the nearby bay.

18. 18 Homework Introduce Joey Explain why he is thinking of moving North, starting with either all the PUSH factors or all the PULL factors, which ever you think are the most important first. Then go onto explain what the intervening obstacles are. Finally, come to a decision about what he ought to do and justify it. Make sure you include geographical terms wherever possible

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