1. Using Maps and Mapping Technology

2. Map Projections Video Clip (approx 3 min)
An attempt to portray the round - “spherical” Earth on a flat surface
Creates large areas of distortions
There are three common projections

3. Mercator Projection
Features of Earth depicted in the form of a cylinder, stretched out on paper – usually a rectangular map
Most accurate at point of contact – the equatorial areas
Distortions away from point of contact - near the poles

4. Conic Projection
A way of mapping the Earth in the shape of a cone ---point of cone situated directly over one of the poles
A “birds-eye view” of the Earth
Most accurate at point of contact - mid-latitudes
Distortions away from point of contact - poles and equatorial areas

5. Polar Projection
Portraying Earth or a portion of the Earth in a circular map
Most accurate at point of contact – the poles
Distortion further from the point of contact – mid-latitudes or equatorial area

6. Topographic Map Shows surface features or topography of the Earth
natural and artificial features (fields, forests, rivers, lakes, glaciers, buildings, roads, power-lines, etc.
elevation (with brown contour lines)
Little to no distortion
Much more later!

7. Satellite Imagery Photographs made by means of artificial satellites
Most often used:
To predict weather on Earth
To help create maps of the seafloor, other planets, topography, etc.
Military intelligence
Typhoon near Japan

8. Satellite Image of Earth At Night

9. Satellite Image of Ocean Depth

10. Satellite Image – Gulf Oil Spill

11. GPS “Global Positioning System”

13. Problems with GPS Works poorly in the following areas: Dense forest
Deep canyons
Caves
Underwater

14. Latitude & Longitude

15. Latitude Horizontal/parallel lines on a globe or map
Measure north or south of the equator
AKA – Parallels

16. On a map latitude looks like this…
equator

17. Examples:
What line of latitude runs through Canada?
equator

18. Examples:
What line of latitude runs through Florida?
equator

19. Longitude Vertical lines on a globe or map
Measures east or west of the prime meridian
AKA - Meridians

20. On a map longitude looks like this…
Prime meridian
International Date Line

21. Examples What is the longitude for the middle of S. America?
Prime meridian
International Date Line

22. Examples What is the longitude for California? Prime meridian
International Date Line

23. Putting it together… What are the coordinates for the following X Y Z
IDL PM y x EQ z

24. Map Scales Verbal Scale Representative Fraction (R.F.) Graphic Scale
Example 1 inch = 1 mile
Representative Fraction (R.F.)
Example 1:24,000 (1 map unit is equivalent to 24,000 land units.)
Graphic Scale
Example

25. Map Symbols