2. Viruses

3. Where do viruses come from ?

4. Bacteriophage Replication

5. HIV Replication - Retrovirus

6. What Do These Pictures Have in Common? gov.mb.ca k8science.org gsbs.utmb.edu nuclearfamilywarhead.com

7. Brain Tissue learn.genetics.utah.edu

8. Protein Structure new-science-press.com

9. Prions stanford.edu Dr. Stanley Prusiner. cmu.edu

10. Viroids Consist of short, fragments of single- stranded RNA. Only found in plants (so far). Can interfere with plant’s metabolism, resulting in the plant being stunted or killed. Ex. Potato spindle tuber Left: normal potatoes; Right – infected potatoes www.unece.org

11. Prokaryotic Cells Yersinia pestis – Bubonic Plague. science.nationalgeographic.com Clostridium botulism. www.nih.gov

12. Evolutionary History and Classification

13. Prokaryotic Nutritional Modes

14. Prokaryotic Body Plan

15. Prokaryotic Cell Size and Shape Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells (about the size of mitochondria) Prokaryotes have three typical shapes: http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/c8. 27x3.bact.shapes.jpghttp://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/c8. 27x3.bact.shapes.jpg, http://sharon-taxonomy2009- p2.wikispaces.com/Archaeahttp://sharon-taxonomy2009- p2.wikispaces.com/Archaea

16. Prokaryotic Fission Esherichia coli undergoing prokaryotic fission

17. Conjugation

18. Bacterial Cell Wall Gram-positive Bacteria Thick layer of peptidoglycan (60-100%) Gram-negative Bacteria Thin layer of peptidoglycan (10-20%) Has outer membrane composed of mostly lipids (80-90%) Gram-positive Bacteria Gram-negative Bacteria pathmicro.med.sc.edu

19. Gram Stain Results Gram-positive bacteria stains violet to blue. Gram-negative bacteria stains pink to red. homepage.ntlworld.com

20. Cyanobacteria Anabaena. http://www.biologie.uni- hamburg.de/b-online/fo42/anabaena.jpg Oscillatoria. http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:LsEmj27QxYGiHM: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu

21. Endospores

22. Methanogenic Archaeans 0.5 µm

23. Life in Extreme Environments

24. The End