1. Compare a cell to an organism similarities? differences?

3. A cell is a small, functional unit either able to live by itself or work together in an organism with other cells. A small membrane-bound factory with the instructions for its functioning and survival

4. Bacteria- prokaryotes Everything else- eukaryotes prokaryotes- DNA, but no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles eukaryotes- DNA in nucleus, many organelles help cells function

5. Bacteria DO NOT have any organelles except: cell wall (some) cell membrane DNA (NO NUCLEUS) ribosome why ribosome?

6. All cells: Cell Membrane: thin layer allowing some, but not all, materials into and out of the cell * has receptor proteins allowing the cell to receive messages from the outside Plant, fungus, some bacteria: Cell Wall: thick, strong layer giving cells a rectangular shape (outermost layer when there)

7. DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid Each chromosome has many genes, or instructions on how to build a specific protein *in bacteria, all DNA in a circle called a PLASMID

10. Holds the cell’s DNA (hereditary material) DNA controls most cellular processes DNA often found in multiple large coils, each called a chromosome humans have 46 chromosomes different for each organism.

12. Each has a specific function in a cell! Ribosomes- Construct proteins often located on the ER, they appear as small dots along a squiggly line

13. Chloroplasts- Use sunlight’s energy to make food particles PLANT CELLS ONLY Mitochondria- Use food’s energy to help cell grow, move, etc.

14. Vacuole- Stores materials and water. in plants, vacuole is VERY large in animals, only appears as a small bubble

15. Plants- Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole Photosynthesis Animal- Small vacuole

17. How might the nucleus and the ribosome work together? Why is this important for your body’s functions? test corrections