1. Scientists classify organisms by comparing their physical and chemical characteristics.
There are three domains that represent the largest differences among organisms and they are: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.

2. What are the six kingdoms
What are the six kingdoms? Animal, plant, fungi, protist, bacteria, archaea

3. Digestive system ** breaking down and absorbing nutrients
Nervous system ** sending and receiving electrical impulses
Digestive system ** breaking down and absorbing nutrients
Muscular systems ** movement of the bones and organ movement
Skeletal system ** support, structure, and protection
Excretory system ** removing waste from the body
Respiratory system ** exchanging gases with the environment (O2 and CO2)
Cardiovascular (circulatory) system ** transporting materials throughout the body

4. How do the skeletal system and the muscular systems work together to maintain homeostasis? The bone move around joints because the muscles are attached to the bones and the muscles contract – often in opposite pairs.

5. How do the cardiovascular (circulatory) system and the respiratory systems work together to maintain homeostasis? The respiratory system brings air into the lungs and then Oxygen diffuses into the blood. At the same time waste carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood and then the lungs push the waste out of the body. The cardiovascular system then transports oxygen to all the cells of the body including lung cells.

6. How do the nervous system and the digestive system work together to maintain homeostasis? The nervous system controls all other systems including moving food through the digestive system. The brain also helps control the sensation of hunger. The digestive system breaks down nutrients for the entire body and all cells including the cells of the nervous system.

7. Organisms made of one cell are called: unicellular organisms Organisms made of more than one cell are called: multicellular organisms
The way that cells store their DNA is the main difference between these two cell types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic

8. Nucleus: contains the cell’s DNA – brain of the cell
Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration, which releases energy for use by the cell -- powerhouse
Cell membrane: acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment -- gatekeeper
Vacuoles: a fluid filled storage vesicle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells (smaller ones in animal cells)
Chloroplasts: the organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs
Cell wall: surrounds the cell membrane and supports the cell (not found in animal cells)
Cytoplasm: the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus

9. Eukaryotes include animals, plants, protists, and fungi.
A prokaryote is a single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes include all bacteria and archaea.
A eukaryote is an organism made up of cells that contain their DNA in a nucleus.
Eukaryotes include animals, plants, protists, and fungi.

10. Plant cells have a cell wall that provide support and protection.
Plant cells make their own food in organelles called chloroplasts by the process called photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which cells use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar and oxygen.
Instead, they have organelles called mitochondria that are known as the “powerhouse” of the cell.
The organelle breaks down sugar to release energy.

11. What is homeostasis? The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment. In order to survive, your cells need to be able to obtain and use energy, make new cells, exchange materials, and eliminate wastes.

12. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.

13. When equal numbers of chromosomes are separated, the nucleus splits to form two identical nuclei and this process is called mitosis.

14. Passive transport is the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy. Active transport is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient and requires the cell to use energy.

15. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.
During passive transport, diffusion is the movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.

16. The scientist named. Robert Hooke
The scientist named Robert Hooke made discoveries that led to the CELL THEORY.
The cell theory lists three basic characteristics of all cells and organisms: Organisms are made up of one or more cells Cell is the basic unit of all organisms All cells come from existing cells

17. What kinds of evidence would support the cell theory?
Seeing cells with a microscope in many, many different plants.
Seeing cells with a microscope in many, many different animals.
Observation of other living things and seeing that they contain cells.
Watching mitosis happen under a microscope and seeing one cell become two cells.
Not finding structures smaller than cells that carry out the basic functions of a living thing.

18. Evidence supporting evolution theory: _Yes____ For many plants and animals fossil records show change. _____ Most rocks are very old. _Yes____ Humans can change animals and plants – for example dog breeding. _Yes____ Comparing embryo shows that many different species start life in a similar form (Like other mammals, humans have a tail when we are embryos) _____ There are more plants than animals in the world. _Yes____ Common structures like hands and dolphin flipper have similar bone structures. _____ DNA is made from 4 main chemicals. _Yes____ DNA analysis and comparisons link many similar species into clearly related groups.