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Classification of Living Things: --- How would you classify these organisms? --- What kinds of things would you look at to help you classify them? --- What characteristics could you use?
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2. Classification of Living Things
SC.6.L Analyze and describe how and why organisms are classified according to shared characteristics with emphasis on the Linnaean system combined with the concept of domains.
Objectives:
Analyze and describe how and why organisms are classified according to shared characteristics.
Describe how the Linnaean system is used to classify organisms.
Guiding Questions:
How do scientists determine that living things are related?
How are living things classified?
Why are living things classified?
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3. Classification of Living Things: History
Early explorers observed many plant and animal species along their journeys around the world.
However, they didn’t have a defined system to identify theses organisms
The Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus, who studied plants, developed a system to classify the plants that he observed.
He later included animals in his system of classification.
His system gave each individual living things a two-part scientific name. This type of naming system is called binomial nomenclature.
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4. Classification of Living Things: History
The first part of the scientific name is the genus.
The second part of the scientific name is the species.
Each organism has its own unique name. Organisms may share the same kingdom, phylum, class, order and family, but no other species has the same scientific name.
Today modern taxonomy (the science of describing, classifying, and name living things) builds the early work of Linnaeus.
Now scientists use an eight-level system to classify living things.
Because of advances in DNA technology, scientists can use genetic information as well as physical characteristics and ancestral relatedness to classify organisms.
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5. Classification of Living Things: Levels of classification
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6. Classification of Living Things: Eight Levels of Classification
1 - Domain:
Most general level of classification
There are three domains – Bacteria, Eukaryotes, Archaea
Bacteria are prokaryotes, which are single celled organisms that lack a nucleus.
Eukaryotes are single-celled or multi-celled organism with a nucleus and other organelles in their cells.
Archaea are prokaryotes often found in very harsh environments such as hot springs and very salty water.
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7. Classification of Living Things: Eight levels of classification
2 – Kingdom: There are six Kingdoms
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
3 – Phylum: subdivision of a Kingdom
Examples include Chordata, Magnoliopyta, Pinophyta
4 – Class: subdivision of a Phylum
Examples include Mammalia, Reptilia, Pinopsida
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8. Classification of Living Things: 8 levels of classification
5 – Order: subdivision of a Class
6 – Family: subdivision of an Order
7 – Genus: subdivision of a Family
First part of the scientific name
8 – Species: subdivision of a Genus
Second part of the scientific name
Organisms that are a part of the same species can mate and produce fertile offspring
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9. Levels of classification: Example 1
Ursus Arctos
(G. Fischer de Waldheim, 1817)
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10. Levels of classification: Example 2
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758
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11. Levels of classification: Example 3
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Iguanidae
Genus: Iguana
Species: iguana
Iguana iguana
(Laurenti, 1768)
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Levels of classification: Example 3
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Levels of Classification: Example 4
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Ara
Species: Ararauna
Ara ararauna
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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13. The Sunflower Taxonomy (Student Example)
Kingdom – Plantae
Phylum – Tracheophyta
Class – Magnoliopsida
Order – Asterales
Family – Asteraceae
Genus – Helianthus
Species - annus
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14. The Cow Taxonomy (Student Example)
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Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Mamalia
Order – Artiodactyla
Family – Bovidea
Genus – Bos
Species - taurus
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15. YOU DO: Quick Write
Now that we have worked through our notes and examples, you will respond to the following question in your science journal. You are allowed to look back at your notes and previous examples.
How do scientists determine that living things are related?
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16. Classification of Living Things: ‘How to Classify’
* Dichotomous keys are used to help classify or identify living things * Let’s Practice using this Dichotomous Key to identify the name of this bear
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a) Has 2 body segments (upper & lower): Go to step 2 b) Has 1 one body segment (upper): Go to step 3
a) Has 2 eyes: Go to step 4 b) Has 1 eye: Fuzzywuzzy
a) Has 8 legs: Spidabah b) Has 12 legs: Centibear
a) Has heart-shaped nose: Go to Step 5 b) Has squared shaped nose: Skidattle bear
a) Covered in brown fur: Go to step 6 b) Covered in gray fur: Quenail bear
a) Has 4 toes: Shonuff bear b) Has 5 toes: Crepanzy bear
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18. Exit Ticket The teacher will pass out individual Exit Tickets
for students to complete and turn in.
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