1. 1111111111110011 0110111101101101 0110101011101000 0100111011101001 1000010110111001 1001110110010101 1011100110010101 0000001100010011 0100111110100011 0010100100000011 1001001111001011 0110001110110101 1001010010000001 1101110111001100 1000000110111001 1001000110111101 1011110011001010 1110010011000110 0110100101101110 0110000110010000 0011100110110111 1110110001100101 0111010001000000 1110010011000010 1101011101011111 1111111110011011 0111101101101011 0101011101000010 0111011101001100 0010110111001100 1110110010101101 1100110010101000 0001100010011010 0111110100011001 0100100000011100 1001111001011011 0001110110101100 1010010000001110 1110111001100100 0000110111001100 1000110111101101 1110011001010111 0010011000110011 0100101101110011 0000110010000001 1100110110111111 0110001100101011 1010001000000111 0010011000010111 0101110101111111 1111111001101101 1110110110101101 0101110100001001 1101110100110000 1011011100110011 1011001010110111 0011001010100000 0110001001101001 1111010001100101 0010000001110010 0111100101101100 0111011010110010 1001000000111011 1011100110010000 0011011100110010 0011011110110111 1001100101011100 1001100011001101 0010110111001100 0011001000000111 0011011011111101 1000110010101110 1000100000011100 1001100001011101 0111010111111111 1111100110110111 1011011010110101 0111010000100111 0111010011000010 1101110011001110 1100101011011100 1100101010000001 1000100110100111 1101000110010100 1000000111001001 1110010110110001 1101101011001010 0100000011101110 1110011001000000 1101110011001000 1101111011011110 0110010101110010 0110001100110100 1011011100110000 1100100000011100 1101101111110110 0011001010111010 Temperature Measurement of a Candle Flame using a CCD Camera By Arpit Patel Supervisor: Dr. G Lu Technical Approach Introduction The monitoring of flame temperature distribution in a combustor is one of the key requirements for the control of a combustion process. The flame temperature is needed to measure for evaluating the combustion efficiency and emission formation process. A flame is a difficult object to measure as its temperature is very high. Most existing flame monitoring devices are only the indication of the flame presence or absence. Research work was made to measure the temperature distribution by using a film portrait and analyzing the image accordingly but these techniques for flame temperature measurement are mostly local and offline. For similar cases a remote and online flame temperature measurement is desirable. With the recent technological advances in imaging, remote and online temperature measurement could be brought into a new dimension using a CCD camera. Conclusion and Future Work The objective of this project was to create a prototype of an imaging system for the temperature measurement of a candle flame using a CCD camera and the objective has been achieved. The end result is a fully functional imaging system for temperature measurement ready to use, which meets its requirements, providing temperature values for candle flame. The most notable issues with the system are heating and camera noise but the system still provides with the results in a reasonable temperature range, but with further work, the system can give optimum results. A lot of work can still be done for the project, the system can be upgraded to new CCD camera and/or camera gain could be adjusted for better image quality and results. The heating issues can be solved with adding a copper based cooling system. A separate power supply unit could be added to supply power to camera, microprocessor and motor to make the system more efficient and with less cabling. All the programming is written in cross-platform C++, hence the system can be introduced as an embedded system running on its own as a standalone system with a monitor, embedded circuitry with processor and current system. An automated temperature control module can be written and made to control the temperature of flame, burner and/or combustion chamber to maintain temperature levels. The Complete System System Design Frame Grabber Image Analysis & Temperature Calculations Graphical Interface Filter holder Optical Filters Analog to USB Converter Motor Control Board Motor Controller Motor Control Tool 9V DC Motor & Board Power 12V DC Camera Power Results and Discussions The project aims to develop a prototype imaging system for the temperature measurement of a candle flame. The imaging system is to be designed and implemented, to consist a CCD camera, optical filters and signal processing software. The system software is to be developed to process the flame images captured by the camera and calculate the temperature of the flame. The system will be working on the two colour principle based on Plank’s radiation law. The camera is to capture flame images at two different wavelengths by attaching separate narrow band-pass filters in front of the camera using a stepper motor. The temperature distribution of flame is calculated from the ratio between the average grey-levels of the two images. Objectives of the project are: Build prototype of the system with CCD camera and stepper motor. Build the digital signal software compatible with the system. Test the working model of the system with a candle flame and/or burner. Project Aim and Objectives

2. Rotate back & disconnect Display Results Temperature HistogramTemperature Distribution Average Temperature Display and continue to calculations Rotate to next filter Connect Motor Store Average Image Capture and Average at Filter Connect Camera Capture and Average at FilterStore Average Image