1. Ch. 16: Section I: Conquests in the Americas (Pages 358-364) This section is about: This section is about: How the voyages of Columbus led to the colonization of the Americas. How the voyages of Columbus led to the colonization of the Americas. Other explorers, including Magellan, whose expedition circumnavigated the globe. Other explorers, including Magellan, whose expedition circumnavigated the globe. Replica of the Santa Maria

2. You already know the information and the picture that’s on pages 358/359, but let’s look at anyway. You already know the information and the picture that’s on pages 358/359, but let’s look at anyway. And, on the timeline, look at the middle and end and what we’re up to in this Unit. And, on the timeline, look at the middle and end and what we’re up to in this Unit. Page 360: Main Ideas – What about Columbus and Magellan? Page 360: Main Ideas – What about Columbus and Magellan? Columbus will probably always be a controversial figure in history. Why? Columbus will probably always be a controversial figure in history. Why?

3. The Voyages of Columbus Europeans were looking for better ways to get riches in _ _ _ _. Europeans were looking for better ways to get riches in _ _ _ _. Improvements in navigation and shipbuilding made explorers want to find better (faster) ways to get there. Improvements in navigation and shipbuilding made explorers want to find better (faster) ways to get there. Cristoforo Colombo? (best guess)

4. A Route West Christopher Columbus was a skilled sailor and organizer who wanted to find a new route to the riches of Asia. Christopher Columbus was a skilled sailor and organizer who wanted to find a new route to the riches of Asia. Educated people (including Columbus) knew the earth was round, so he thought if he sailed west, he’d reach Asia. Educated people (including Columbus) knew the earth was round, so he thought if he sailed west, he’d reach Asia. He finally convinced Isabella and Ferdinand to pay for his attempt. He finally convinced Isabella and Ferdinand to pay for his attempt. He made 2 mistakes: 1. He thought the earth was smaller than it is. 2. He thought the earth had more land than water ……………………………… ………………………………

5. There’s a globe on page 364 in our books we should look at. This globe was made in 1492, so people must have known. What was probably missing?

6. The First Journey Columbus left Spain on August 3 rd, 1492. Columbus left Spain on August 3 rd, 1492. They stopped at the Canary Islands for supplies and some repairs They stopped at the Canary Islands for supplies and some repairs They left there Sept. 6 th. They left there Sept. 6 th. There were 90 crew members on the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria (C). There were 90 crew members on the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria (C). We still have the log Columbus kept, so we know some things about the trip. We still have the log Columbus kept, so we know some things about the trip. Life on ships was tough – constant work of maintenance and repairs, pumping water out of the ships, cooking when you could (but bad food), sleep wherever, etc…. Life on ships was tough – constant work of maintenance and repairs, pumping water out of the ships, cooking when you could (but bad food), sleep wherever, etc….

7. Finding New Lands October 12 th, 1492: LAND: what’s called the West Indies because he thought he was in _ _ _ _ _. October 12 th, 1492: LAND: what’s called the West Indies because he thought he was in _ _ _ _ _. And he called the indigenous (native) people __________. And he called the indigenous (native) people __________. The first island he landed on (San Salvador) had the Taino people, who had a pretty organized society of their own. The first island he landed on (San Salvador) had the Taino people, who had a pretty organized society of their own. They explored a while more (Hispaniola, Haiti, the Dominican Republic). They explored a while more (Hispaniola, Haiti, the Dominican Republic). When he went back to Spain, Columbus brought some Taino back with him (a few survived the trip) and a little bit of gold. When he went back to Spain, Columbus brought some Taino back with him (a few survived the trip) and a little bit of gold. Columbus ended up making 3 more trips, trying to settle the islands and look for gold – he even forced all Taino males over 14 to look for it (they didn’t find much) Columbus ended up making 3 more trips, trying to settle the islands and look for gold – he even forced all Taino males over 14 to look for it (they didn’t find much)

9. Impact of Columbus’s Voyages Columbus meant there would be contact now between these peoples – which meant many changes for the Americas. Columbus meant there would be contact now between these peoples – which meant many changes for the Americas. Europeans liked America’s natural Resources and the money they made off them. Europeans liked America’s natural Resources and the money they made off them. But Europeans devastated the native population. But Europeans devastated the native population. When Columbus landed: 40 million Native Americans. When Columbus landed: 40 million Native Americans. 80 years later: 3-4 million. 80 years later: 3-4 million. Most died from diseases the Europeans brought over: measles, smallpox, tetanus, etc… Most died from diseases the Europeans brought over: measles, smallpox, tetanus, etc… The Native Americans had no natural defense against them. The Native Americans had no natural defense against them.

10. Other European Explorers Spain and Portugal had that Treaty of Tordesillas – so you know they both wanted to explore what they felt was there's. Spain and Portugal had that Treaty of Tordesillas – so you know they both wanted to explore what they felt was there's.

11. Cabral Sails for Portugal 1500: Pedro Alvarez Cabral (Portugal) sailed across the Atlantic and landed at “The Island of the True Cross” (Brazil). 1500: Pedro Alvarez Cabral (Portugal) sailed across the Atlantic and landed at “The Island of the True Cross” (Brazil). This then became a “check point” for sailors wishing to explore beyond this area. This then became a “check point” for sailors wishing to explore beyond this area.

12. America’s Namesake An Italian Navigator named Vespucci also made a couple of trips to the Americas. An Italian Navigator named Vespucci also made a couple of trips to the Americas. He’s probably the first European at the Amazon River, and then at Trinidad, Venezuela, and Haiti. He’s probably the first European at the Amazon River, and then at Trinidad, Venezuela, and Haiti. Portugal sponsored his second trip – where he went as far as Patagonia and Argentina. Portugal sponsored his second trip – where he went as far as Patagonia and Argentina. It’s then that people realized that this was not Asia – it was “a new world.” It’s then that people realized that this was not Asia – it was “a new world.” This new world was named after him – we’re still named after him today - you live in the United States of Vespucci This new world was named after him – we’re still named after him today - you live in the United States of Vespucci Okay: they decided to use his first name: Amerigo

13. Discovery of the Pacific Vasco Nunez de Balboa explored around Panama. Vasco Nunez de Balboa explored around Panama. Natives told him he’d find gold across the mountains. Natives told him he’d find gold across the mountains. After 3 weeks of following some trails, he was told if he climbed the next mountain, he’d see a great sea. After 3 weeks of following some trails, he was told if he climbed the next mountain, he’d see a great sea. He called the water “the South Sea.” He called the water “the South Sea.” We now call it the Pacific Ocean. We now call it the Pacific Ocean. He claimed it all for Spain and found his gold, and some pearls. He claimed it all for Spain and found his gold, and some pearls.

14. Around the World Another explorer was named Ferdinand Magellan. Another explorer was named Ferdinand Magellan. His idea was to try and find a passageway across this new world – some kind of river or waterway. His idea was to try and find a passageway across this new world – some kind of river or waterway. He also wanted to prove the Spice Islands were west of the Treaty of Tordesillas – giving those riches to Spain and not to Portugal. He also wanted to prove the Spice Islands were west of the Treaty of Tordesillas – giving those riches to Spain and not to Portugal. And, of course, he should get a share of those profits. And, of course, he should get a share of those profits.

15. Magellan’s Journey 1519: Magellan left with 5 ships and 250 men. 1519: Magellan left with 5 ships and 250 men. When he hit South America, he kept heading south - looking for rivers to get through/across South America. When he hit South America, he kept heading south - looking for rivers to get through/across South America. About a year later they reached the southern tip of South America – what we now call the Straits of Magellan (an area with rough seas). About a year later they reached the southern tip of South America – what we now call the Straits of Magellan (an area with rough seas). When they got to the other side, they realized they were in a new body of water – a “peaceful” one. When they got to the other side, they realized they were in a new body of water – a “peaceful” one. They called this new Ocean: The Pacific Ocean. They called this new Ocean: The Pacific Ocean. They kept sailing west – hoping to find Asia. They kept sailing west – hoping to find Asia. ………… …………

16. After stopping at Guam for supplies, they continued toward the Spice Islands. After stopping at Guam for supplies, they continued toward the Spice Islands. While stopping in the Philippine Islands, there was a fight with the natives. While stopping in the Philippine Islands, there was a fight with the natives. Magellan was killed. Magellan was killed. They now only had 2 ships left, but kept going. They now only had 2 ships left, but kept going. Then, some Portuguese took one of the two ships. Then, some Portuguese took one of the two ships. Finally, in 1522 (three years later), one ship returned to Spain (filled with spices though). Finally, in 1522 (three years later), one ship returned to Spain (filled with spices though).

18. The Growth of Mercantilism For the first time, someone had circumnavigated the globe. For the first time, someone had circumnavigated the globe. This was the beginning of mercantilism: an economic system where governments try to make money off the lands they control. This was the beginning of mercantilism: an economic system where governments try to make money off the lands they control. These countries try to have a favorable “balance of trade” with their lands and try to set up monopolies. These countries try to have a favorable “balance of trade” with their lands and try to set up monopolies. Europeans saw the Americas as lands to make money off of (lots of raw materials and natural resources). Europeans saw the Americas as lands to make money off of (lots of raw materials and natural resources). Part of this later was that if you lived in America and wanted to buy something, you had to get it from your homeland government. Part of this later was that if you lived in America and wanted to buy something, you had to get it from your homeland government.