1. 40 Years Mangrove Development in Kiribati Pacific Islands GIS&RS User Conference 27 th to 30 th November Suva Kataebati Bataua

2. Laura, Majuro, Marshall Islands Red = Loss of vegetation Green = New vegetation 1983 = 187 hectares 2000 = 140 hectares 1983 = 187 hectares 2000 = 140 hectares

3. Rectification of Historical Aerial Photographs, Majuro

4. Old Vegetation Maps & recent Satellite Images

5. Steps: 1.Scanning of map 2.Linear geometric rectification towards satellite image 3.Delineation of vegetation classes on map 4.Rasterising map and satellite image interpretation 5.Overlay analysis

6. Overlay Analysis

7. Results Overlay Analysis IDClassNameNoPixelsHectare%Sum 11Water 2009 and Water 1969199781200.6 12Settlement 2009 and Water 19696588770.2 13Bare land 2009 and Water 19691126810 14Dry Vegetation 2009 and Water 19693690240.1 15Mangrove 2009 and Water 19692845630.1 04Seawater 2009 and Dry Vegetation 196912361211244 41Water 2009 and Dry Vegetation 1969129871130.4 42Settlement 2009 and Dry Vegetation 1969452478845214.7 43Bare land 2009 and Dry Vegetation 1969153056220.5 44 Dry Vegetation 2009 and Dry Vegetation 196910415634104233.9 45Mangrove 2009 and Dry Vegetation 1969218632220.7 Sum (complete table!)30753968 100

8. Table of Change (Butaritari) IDLand Cover 1969HectareIDLand Cover 2011Hectare 0Seawater 196900Seawater 20110 10Water 1969461Water 201151 20Settlement 19691572Settlement 2011158 30Bare land 1969563Bare land 201123 40Dry land vegetation 1969 10474Dry land vegetation 2011 1025 50Mangrove 19691745Mangrove 2011270 Sum1480 Sum1527

9. Areas of Change Butaritari

10. Increase Mangrove Butaritari (2)

11. Betio, Tarawa

12. Tarawa

13. Tarawa 40 Years Difference Mangroves are growing not shrinking !

14. Kiribati

15. Changes Tarawa

16. Mangrove Increase Marakei

18. Mangrove Change Onotoa

19. Investigated Islands 1 Makin, 2 Butaraitari, 3 Marakei, 4 Tarawa, 5 Maiana, 6 Aranuka, 7 Onotoa, 8 Tamana and 9 Arorae Only in Makin slight decrease of vegetation

20. Possible Sources of Vegetation Increase Sea level fall ?Sea level fall ? Geometric correction wrong ?Geometric correction wrong ? Interpretation of black and white aerial photographs 1969 partly wrong ?Interpretation of black and white aerial photographs 1969 partly wrong ? Satellite image interpretation wrong ?Satellite image interpretation wrong ? Changing water flow ?Changing water flow ?

21. Possible Human Influence for Vegetation Increase Environmental education ?Environmental education ? Coconut planting programmes after 1969Coconut planting programmes after 1969 Less need for mangrove as fire wood ?Less need for mangrove as fire wood ? –Alternative fuel –Better drinking water Better living conditions for mangroves ?Better living conditions for mangroves ?

22. Thanks Kiribati’s population is growing but the vegetation is growing as well (if trend continues) Kiribati’s population is growing but the vegetation is growing as well (if trend continues)