2. Introduction to animals Introduction to Animals

3. Traits WHAT IS AN ANIMAL ? ? ?

4. Characteristics of Animals ALL ANIMALS : Are Multicellular (Metazoans) Are Eukaryotes (cells with nucleus & organelles) Are Ingestive Heterotrophs (take in food and internally digest it) Have cells that lack a Cell Wall

5. Lions Feeding (HETEROTROPHIC)

6. Have more than one Eukaryotic Cell and those Cells lack a Wall ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

7. Support Systems Have some type of skeletal/fluid structural support Endoskeleton inside and made of cartilage &/or bone Exoskeletons found in arthropods –Cover the outside of the body –Must be molted making animal vulnerable to predators

8. Cicada Molting Exoskeleton

9. Support Systems Worms and echinoderms (starfish) have fluid-filled internal cavities giving them support Called hydrostatic skeletons

10. Most Animals Exhibit Movement Animals such as sponges may be sessile (attached & non-moving) Animals that move very little are said to be sedentary (clam) Animals that can move are motile. Have muscular tissue to provide energy for movement

11. SESSILESEDENTARY MOTILE Sponge Chiton Cheetah

12. Reproduction in Animals Pretty much all animals are capable of sexual reproduction Some animals like sponges and earthworms are hermaphrodites producing both eggs and sperm Hermaphrodites may exchange sperm and NOT fertilize their own eggs

13. Leeches Exchange Sperm During Sexual Reproduction Mating leech

14. Levels of Organization Sponges are the ONLY animals that have just the cellular level of organization All other animals show these levels – cell  tissue  organ  system Cells may specialize (take on different shapes and functions) Cells are held together by cell junctions to form tissues Various tissues can build organs

15. Levels of Organization

16. Atom Molecule or compound Organelle CELL Levels of Organization Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Life begins

17. Surfaces Dorsal – back or upper surface Ventral – belly or lower surface Anterior – head or front end Posterior – tail or hind end opposite the head Oral surface – where the mouth is located (underside of echinoderms) Aboral surface – opposite the mouth (top side of echinoderms)

18. DORSAL VENTRAL Surfaces (Most Animals) ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

19. Symmetry

20. Body Symmetry

21. Symmetry is the arrangement of body parts around a central plane or axis Asymmetry occurs when the body can’t be divided into similar sections (sponges)

22. Body Symmetry Radial symmetry occurs when body parts are arranged around a central point like spokes on a wheel (echinoderms) Most animals with radial symmetry are sessile (attached) or sedentary (move very little)

24. Body Symmetry Bilateral symmetry occurs when animals can be divided into equal halves along a single plane Organisms will have right and left sides that are mirror images of each other More complex type of symmetry

25. Body Symmetry Animals with bilateral symmetry are usually motile Animals have an anterior and posterior ends Show cephalization (concentration of sensory organs on the head or anterior end)

27. Segmentation Occurs whenever animal bodies are divided into repeating units or segments. Found in more complex animals Earthworms show external segmentation. Humans show internal segmentation (backbone) Segments may fuse (cephalothorax)

28. Segmentation

29. Segmentation Occurs whenever animal bodies are divided into repeating units or segments Found in more complex animals Earthworms show external segmentation Humans show internal segmentation (backbone) Segments may fuse (cephalothorax)

30. ANIMAL Phyla In Unit 5 we look at include Phylum – Porifera Phylum - Cnidaria (“NYDARIA”) Phylum – Platyhelminthes Phylum – Nematoda Phylum - Annelida

31. PHYLUM PORIFERA (Sponges)

32. PHYLUM CNIDARIA (Jelly Fish, Sea Anemones and Corral

33. PHYLUM - PLATYHELMINTHES Intestinal Tapeworm

34. Roundworms (Nematoda) and Segmented Worms (Annelida) Nematode Leech (segmented worm)