1. Nutrition What Should You Really Eat?

2. Warm-Up! Please collect your vision book and the little grading slip that goes with it. Answer the first question (only) on the green sheet. There is space for three reasons. Try to add two more.

3. Ripped from the headlines: Obese Children are Less Sensitive to Taste (October 1, 2012) Ninth graders whose schools are within a block of a fast-food outlet are more likely to be obese than students whose schools are a quarter of a mile or more away (March 25, 2009) Doctors say kidney stones in kids are on the rise (March 26, 2009) Too Much Dairy, Carbs Might Harm Men's Sperm (October 26, 2012) Sugar as Dangerous as Alcohol and Tobacco? (February 1, 2012 ) Dieters easily deluded by so-called “healthy” foods (April 20, 2011)

4. An important difference: Hunger: Physical -- when your body needs food Appetite: Emotional/social – when you want food In many countries appetite is not a choice. In this country, choosing by appetite can be dangerous: Diet-related diseases that used to only affect older people are now affecting people at much younger ages. Obesity rates are skyrocketing

5. Newsflash! The food choices you are making NOW in your life are already (as in right now, this minute) affecting your future health. SO…. It is a MYTH that you can afford to wait until you’re an adult to think about your eating habits. The time is NOW!

6. Warm-Up What are two things you have learned about nutrition in the past couple of days of discussion that you didn’t know before?

7. Warm Up What are the six categories of nutrients (not the food pyramid)? How many servings of fruits and veggies should you have each day? Which is better: saturated fat, trans fat or unsaturated fat? Assignment: Keep track of everything you eat this week.

8. 10 Reasons Why We Eat (other than hunger) Assignment: For each of the 10 reasons that follow, think of at least one food that you eat. Write it down.

9. 1. Childhood preference 2. Ethnic background 3. Family tradition 4. Peer pressure 5. Teen culture 6. Advertising 7. Role models 8. Time 9. Money 10. Emotions Warning: Most of these reasons are appetite-related – not hunger- related.

10. Warm Up An airline is beginning to charge people airfare according to their weight. Fair or not? Why? Please bring two food labels to school on Thursday. These should be for snack food items. Bring the whole package.

11. Three main purposes of Nutrition Energy -- fuel Growth – building new cells Repair – fixing what gets damaged every day

12. Keys to good nutrition Eat a variety of foods Focus on lots of fruits, vegetables and whole grains Shop the perimeter of the grocery store Choose lean protein sources Avoid refined grain products Get plenty of fiber (people need 25 + grams a day, and most people get less than 10) Limit fat (especially saturated fat). It shouldn’t make up more than 30% of your diet

13. More keys Avoid artificial sweeteners Limit salt (no more than 2300mg a day—less than a teaspoon) Limit sugar (recommended 40 grams a day/about Consume no alcohol

14. What Should I Avoid? High fructose corn syrup Crystalline fructose (dehydrated HFCS) Sucralose Aspartame Acesulfame Potassium Dyes: Blue #1 & Blue #2 Red #3 & Red #40 Yellow #6 & Yellow Tartrazine See handout

15. Warm Up What are the new guidelines for salt and sugar?

16. Major Nutrients Carbohydrates Main purpose -- energy Simple – not so good Complex -- best Protein Main purpose – growth/repair Complete – all essential aminos Incomplete -- must be combined Fats Purposes: Add flavor to food Protect organs Hold ADEK Benefit skin Trans fats – very bad Saturated – not so good Polyunsaturated—OK Monounsaturated – best

17. Vitamins Main purpose: regulate body processes Water soluble – extra is flushed Fat soluble – extra is toxic Minerals Main purpose: trigger body processes Water Main purposes: Lubrication Temperature regulation Support body processes 6-8 glasses Alcohol & caffeine don’t count

18. Warm-Up Why should you shop the perimeter of the grocery store? How many grams of fiber should a person have each day?

19. What is a serving? You need 9 servings of fruits and veggies a day. Here’s what one serving looks like:

20. Warm-up Which nutrient is the body’s main source of energy? What is the difference between what vitamins and minerals do in the body?

21. Portion Size is Important!

22. Food Labels

23. Nutrient Density Some foods have lots of nutrition; some have little or none. A way to calculate it: Add up all the nutrition percentages that are below the Protein line. Divide by the number of calories per serving Multiply by 100 Now let’s see how it works…

24. Cheerios vs. Cheetos Cheerios w/skim milk Vitamin A: 15% Vitamin C: 10% Calcium: 25% Iron: 45% Vitamin D:25% Thiamin:30% Riboflavin: 35% Niacin:25% Vitamin B-6:25% Folic Acid: 50% Vitamin B-12:35% Phosphorous:25% Magnesium:10% Zinc:30% Copper:2% Total:387 Cheetos Iron:2% Total: 2% Cheerios: 387 divided by 150 calories per serving x 100 = 258 ND Cheetos: 2 divided by 160 calories per serving X 100 = 1.25 ND

26. BIG Changes! 28 pound increase in average weight of a man since 1960s 24.5 pound increase in average weight of a woman since the 1960s 1,233 percent increase in chocolate bar size since early 1900s 223 percent increase in hamburger size since 1950s 500 percent increase in fountain soda size since 1950s Obese individuals take more sick days and are less productive than health- weight individuals, with the most obese people taking 5-9 more sick days a year.

27. The Trouble with Soda People are drinking too much. Dietary guidelines say a person should have no more than 40 grams of refined sugars in a day. There are about 100 grams in a 20-ounce serving., The following chart shows the per- person increase in soda production between 1947 and 1997.

28. Warm-Up Please take a couple of minutes to update your food record. Include everything and be specific as possible. Remember serving sizes.

29. It’s the Amount In the 1950s, Coca-Cola was sold in 6½ ounce bottles was the standard size. In the 70s 10-ounce bottles were standard. Then came the 12-ounce can, which you can still find. Now in vending machines, you will usually find 20-ounce bottles. At restaurants the sizes are bottomless. Soft drinks come in 44 and 64-ounce sizes and can be refilled. The larger the container, the more beverage people are likely to drink, especially when they assume they are buying single-serving containers.

30. A few more facts Corn syrup is the #2 use of corn in the US. What do you think the 1 st is? Americans consume 44% of the soda produced in the world. On average, Americans drink 48 gallons of soda a year. Americans spend more than $60 billion on soft drinks each year. The chances of children becoming obese increase with each sugar-sweetened drink consumed.

31. The Jelly Bean Study Two groups of people: Group 1: 450 extra calories in soda Group 2: 450 extra calories in jelly beans Results: Those given jelly beans automatically reduced their calories in other areas by the same amount The ones with the soda did not The results were the same when the two groups switched Conclusion: Liquid calories don’t register on the brain the same way

32. Nutritional Problems Obesity: Occasional calorie-rich, nutrient-poor foods can fit into a good diet. However, most Americans consume great quantities of soft drinks and other empty foods and tiny quantities of healthful foods. Osteoporosis: As teens have doubled or tripled their consumption of soft drinks, they cut their consumption of milk by more than 40%. Diabetes: A recent study showed that women who consume as little as one can a day of sugared beverages increase their risk of diabetes by 83%!

33. More Nutritional Problems Tooth decay: Regular soft drinks promote decay especially if sipped over long periods of time. Heart disease: Eating a diet high sugar raises triglyceride and insulin levels. High triglycerides are associated with a higher risk of heart disease. Kidney stones: In a study of men with kidney stones, drinking less soda acidified with phosphoric acid were 1/3 less likely to have kidney stones again.

34. What it looks like

35. Caffeine Causes elimination of calcium in urine Is a diuretic (causes you to lose water) Is addictive and users who stop will have withdrawal symptoms Can cause nervousness, sleeplessness, irritability and rapid heart beat

36. Warm Up Please take a couple of minutes to update your food record. Include everything and be specific as possible. Remember serving sizes.

37. High Fructose Corn Syrup High fructose corn syrup is the main caloric sweetener used in the United States & second use of corn Consumption of HFCS has increased 1000% in the US since 1970, and the obesity rate has increased in a parallel way In A UC Davis study, overweight people drank 3 servings of glucose or fructose- sweetened beverages for 10 weeks. Results: Both groups had gained similar amounts of weight, Fructose drinkers: Showed an increase in intra-abdominal fat, the kind that embeds itself between tissues in organs. Became less sensitive to insulin Had elevated levels of fat in the blood. Showed increased fat production in the liver Had higher bad cholesterol Had larger increases in blood triglycerides.

38. HFCS Fructose drinkers: Showed an increase in intra-abdominal fat, the kind that embeds itself between tissues in organs. Became less sensitive to insulin Had elevated levels of fat in the blood. Showed increased fat production in the liver Had higher bad cholesterol Had larger increases in blood triglycerides.

39. Soda and Bones: Two concerns Replacing milk with soda can mean you don’t get enough calcium. Caffeine, an ingredient in many colas and other sodas, has a diuretic effect and can interfere with calcium absorption if you consume more than 400 milligrams per day.

40. And a myth: There is a rumor that one bad thing about soda is that carbonated beverages interfere with the body’s ability to absorb calcium. This is just not true. There is no danger in carbonation.

41. Warm-Up Please take a couple of minutes to update your food record. Include everything and be specific as possible. Remember serving sizes.

42. Diet Sodas The National Cancer Institute says artificial sweeteners are essentially safe. However…. Just for kicks, go to Google and type in “Aspartame + dangers” or “Splenda + dangers.” www.google.com www.google.com GRAS list Anecdotal information ties artificial sweeteners to a variety of problems, including reproductive issues, brain tumors, neurological problems, headaches and more. Recommendation: Natural is better than artificial.

43. And another thing Drinking diet soda may be linked to weight gain even more than drinking regular soda!

44. What can I drink?

45. Last Words There are three main purposes of nutrition: 1. For energy 2. For growth 3. For repair There is no one-size-fits-all nutrition plan. You will have to experiment to find out which healthy foods work best for you. Remember good nutrition isn’t only about weight. Many health problems result from poor diet

46. Sources Soda & Bones: http://nutrition.tufts.edu/research/j hcpan/consumers/soda_and_bon es.html http://nutrition.tufts.edu/research/j hcpan/consumers/soda_and_bon es.html HCFS: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/a bstract/79/4/537